Funny Break up Quotes to Make You Feel Better

Funny Break up Quotes to Make You Feel Better Regardless of whether you have been through one or a dozen breakups, each one erodes your spirit. A breakup leaves you sapped. It affects your self-esteem, confidence, and relationships. Many heartbroken people are known to drown themselves into addiction: be it smoking, drugs, or even food. The emotional upheaval also causes physical disorders: insomnia, memory loss, weight gain, and digestive disorders. Different Ways to Heal While you shouldnt drown your grief in alcohol or drugs, you should take solace in spiritual talks, music, yoga, and dance. Take up activities that help release stress, and heal your soul. Read self-improvement books, inspirational quotes, or even funny quotes to shake off the gloom. Share your feelings with friends, without clinging on to the past. Most of all, avoid blaming yourself. Laughter Is the Best Medicine Humor helps cushion the fall after a bad breakup. Laughter releases the endorphins that are needed to counter depression. Humor also helps you reflect on the situation in a lighter vein. Many humorists have poked fun at breakups. Read this collection of funny breakup quotes. These quotes make light of the situation, poking harmless jokes. Some quotes mock at love and marriage. Let laughter play on your lips when you read these funny breakup quotes. Quotes Joan Crawford Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell. Mae West All discarded lovers should be given a second chance, but with somebody else. Steve Martin There is one thing I would break up over and that is if she caught me with another woman. I wouldnt stand for that. Johnny Carson The difference between a divorce and a legal separation is that a legal separation gives a husband time to hide his money. Paris Hilton Every woman should have four pets in her life. A mink in her closet, a jaguar in her garage, a tiger in her bed, and a jackass to pay for it all. Cyril Connolly The dread of loneliness is greater than the dread of bondage, so we get married. Victoria Holt Never regret. If its good, its wonderful. If its bad, its experience. Ogden Nash Love is a word that is constantly heard, Hate is a word that is not. Love, I am told, is more precious than gold. Love, I have read, is hot. But Hate is the verb that to me is superb, And Love but a drug on the mart. Any kiddie in school can Love like a fool, But Hating, my boy, is an Art. Marie Corelli I never married because there was no need. I have three pets at home, which answer the same purpose as a husband. I have a dog, which growls every morning, a parrot which swears all afternoon and a cat that comes home late at night. Bob Udkoff Hate is such a luxurious emotion, it can only be spent on one we love. Miss Piggy, The Muppet Show Is there a cure for a broken heart? Only time can heal your broken heart, just as time can heal his broken arms and legs.How can a woman be expected to be happy with a man who insists on treating her as if she were a perfectly normal human being. Cher The trouble with women is that they get all excited about nothing... and then marry him! Dave Barry The obvious and fair solution to the housework problem is to let men do the housework for, say, the next six thousand years, to even things up. The trouble is that over the years, men have developed an inflated notion of everything they do, so that before long they would turn housework into just as much a charade as business is now. They would hire secretaries and buy computers and fly off to housework conferences in Bermuda, but theyd never clean anything. Katherine Hepburn Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then. Rita Rudner The older theory was, marry an older man because theyre more mature. But the new theory is men dont mature. Marry a younger one. Mahatma Gandhi I first learned the concepts of non-violence in my marriage. Sir George Jessel Marriage is a mistake every man should make. Dennis Miller After 7 years of marriage, I am sure of two things. First, never wallpaper together and second, youll need two bathrooms... both for her. The rest is a mystery, but a mystery I love to be involved in. Queen Victoria When I think of a merry, happy, free girl, and look at the ailing, aching state a wife is generally doomed to, which you cant deny is the penalty of marriage. Andy Rooney For every stunning, smart, well-coiffed hot woman of forty plus, there is a balding, paunchy relic in yellow pants making a fool of himself with some 22-year-old waitress. Lizz Winstead I think... therefore, Im single. Steve Martin There is one thing I would break up over and that is if she caught me with another woman. I wouldnt stand for that. Jerry Seinfeld Breaking up is like knocking over a Coke machine. You cant do it in one push. You gotta rock it back and forth a few times, and then it goes over. John Imbergamo There are always a few before-Valentines Day breakups that allow people to cancel reservations. Katherine Mansfield If only one could tell true love from false love as one can tell mushrooms from toadstools. Mae West Live close, visit often.Marriage is a great institution, but Im not ready for an institution yet. Queen Elizabeth I of England I would rather be a beggar and single, than a queen and married. Marion Smith Can you imagine a world without men? No crime and lots of happy, fat women. Jane Austen It is always incomprehensible to men, that a woman should refuse an offer of marriage. Jean Harlow I like to wake up each morning feeling a new man. Gloria Steinem The surest way to be alone is to get married. Socrates By all means marry, if you get a good wife, youll be happy. If you get a bad one, youll become a philosopher.I guess the only way to stop divorce is to stop marriage. Dave Barry What women want: To be loved, to be listened to, to be desired, to be respected, to be needed, to be trusted, and sometimes, just to be held. What men want: Tickets to the World Series.

4 Reasons Your Resume Didnt Get You a Job Interview

4 Reasons Your Resume Didnt Get You a Job Interview You spent hours crafting what you thought was the perfect resume. You sent it out with your application- which also took hours of your life- and†¦ nothing. You never hear back from that company and you’re right back to where you started. Here are 4 reasons your resume might have ended up in the shredder.1. You fell prey to ATSMost companies that have an online application have what’s called an Applicant Tracker System (ATS), designed to weed out the majority of applicants. You probably have a less than 5% chance of getting an interview when you apply online like this. Learn how to bypass any ATS and land you that interview.2. You were too braggyYou miss-stepped on the fine tightrope between confident and over-confident, between perfect for the job and full-of-yourself. If you think this may have been the case with your resume, get an objective second opinion. You can always dial down the self-praise a few ticks.3. Your LinkedIn is out of dateLots of recruiters will actually compare your resume to your online profiles. If what they see doesn’t match, they’ll assume you’re being dishonest about something- in one forum or the other. Make sure to keep your LinkedIn profile updated side-by-side with your resume and this won’t be a problem.4. You didn’t include numbersYou didn’t put enough quantity into your qualities. Make sure when selling your accomplishments, you include a few facts and figures that the recruiter can take to the hiring manager to show you can deliver when it counts.Make one of these faux pas? Never fear. At least now you know. Fix these problems, then concentrate on making your resume good enough to convince a recruiter in six seconds or less. Then try and get it in front of actual humans, through new or existing connections.

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Essay - 10

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business - Essay Example When A promises to sell a mobile phone to B for $100 and B promises to buy it from A, the plain giving of a return- promise is already an acceptance. A Bilateral contract differs from the unilateral contract wherein the former is formed upon completed performance Related to bilateral contract is Quasi contract that is not actually a contract, but is applied by courts to unfinished business of bilateral contracts. It is an unbiased system used by the court to: â€Å"avoid unfairness by allowing the plaintiff A to sue to recover the value of the benefit he gave to the other party B.. To compensate for such unfairness, the law implies a promise by B to pay the reasonable value of the benefit which has been conferred on him by the A.†(Stevens, John, 2014) In order to take advantage of the quasi-contract system, plaintiff must show evidence that A actually rendered or expended property that benefitted the B and to allow B to retain the benefits without paying A is unfair. Unilateral contract is not commonly used. In this kind of contract, only one person is obligated to do something. A reward contract is a case in point wherein a person offers a reward to pay a sum of money in exchange for information for the return of something. In this case, the person who received the reward is not obligated to do something. Applying the quasi-contract theory on unilateral contracts, let us look at this situation wherein a doctor rendered medical help to an injured person in an emergency case. Under the quasi-contract theory, the court will imply a promise that the injured person will pay for the value of the medical treatment received.. Implied contracts. There are situations that the terms in the contract are implied and are done as a sign of goodwill. For instance, warranty on the workability, adaptability of the product are illustrations of implied

Photomedia in Modern and Contemporary Art Essay

Photomedia in Modern and Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "Photomedia in Modern and Contemporary Art" talks about the Photomedia in the context of Modern and Contemporary Art. In week 2 the articles analyzed were Laszlo’s Moholy-Nagy A New Instrument of Vision and Walter Benjamin’s the Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Moholy-Nagy’s text provides a broad theoretical overview of the unique qualities of the photographic art. The most notable element is the indication that photography is not simply the replication of reality, but rather assumes new artistic forms of expression. This argument is very sound in that instead of focusing on abstract notions of aesthetics, it indicates that photography largely demonstrates newly perceptions on space and reality. Walter Benjamin’s the Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction is a seminal work of art criticism and contains a number of important points. One of the most pervasive considerations is Benjamin’s contention that are in th e current milieu has lost a sense of mystique of mysticism because of mass production methods. Benjamin’s insights make considerable sense especially when considered in light of contemporary Internet or new media art forms where the very medium is transitory. While Benjamin links this insight to the need to reimagine the political context of the art object, it is perhaps more contemporary relevant in the perspective it provides on the larger structural interpretations of the art object. In these regards, one considers that art functions. not just as a plane of understanding where one judges its aesthetic qualities, but that the nature of ‘aesthetic qualities’ is also a shifting significatory pattern. Week 3 While previous readings have considered the nature of photography as an art form and the extent that the subject content bespeaks to an aesthetic form, the Photographic Conditions of Surrealism examines the nature of framing and other elements that contribute to the artistry of the photograph. In examining two pictures, the author states, â€Å"In both cases one is treated to the capture of the photographic subject by the frame, and in both, this capture has a sexual import† (‘Photographic Conditions of Surrealism,’ p.89). Even as a slight argument could be made for the sexual implications of the photographic framing techniques implemented, it seems that in large part the author has overreached in his assessment as a means of hyperbole. Still, the insight that photographic framing affects the perceptions of the specific aesthetic elements of the photograph remains a

Assessment History Essay Example for Free

Assessment History Essay Then and Now: History of Assessments Used in Special Education In today’s world students are being diagnosed every day for multiple disorders. Over the history of special education both standardized (formal) and curriculum based (informal) assessments have been created and implemented to help make sure that students are receiving the proper support to help them meet their educational goals. Assessments within special education are implemented to determine a student’s strengths as well as pinpoint areas where they may need extra support and guidance. (Pierangelo Giuliani, 2007) The results of the assessments given to students will be used to decide if the student qualifies for special education services. The assessments used in the United States have developed in conjunction with special education services, to what we know and use today. This paper will outline the history of assessments administered in the United States, discuss how today’s application of assessment differs, and how these changes have impacted special education as a whole. History of Assessments The history of special education has evolved greatly over the years. Prior to the 1970’s there were very few individuals with special needs being served within the public school system. There were two federal laws passed in 1975 that would aid in the process of children enrolling in the public schools. The first law was Education for All Handicapped Children (EHA), this law requires that children of all ability levels receive the right to public education. The second law that played a key role in providing students with disabilities appropriate education is the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). The IDEA not only requires students with disabilities access to public education but that the school district provides personalized services (special education) for individuals who qualify. (Special Education News, 2013) The laws and legislative acts passed advocate for these students, making sure they receive free and appropriate education. As special education evolved over the years so did many of the tools used to assess students with special needs. Although â€Å"Interest in intelligence dates back thousands of years, it wasnt until [the early 1900’s that] psychologist. Alfred Binet was commissioned to identify students who needed educational assistance, that the first IQ test was born. † (Cherry, 2013). This type of assessment was a standardized test that measured the individual in areas such as their: skills, character traits, attitudes, knowledge, and educational measurement. As the special education field grew, the use of the Simon-Binet method spread quickly across the Western world. (Reschly, 2002). â€Å"Historically, educational assessment in the United States has been dominated by psychometric assumptions and approaches,† such as the Simon-Binet Scale. (McLaughlin Rouse, 2000). However, as time as the years have gone by the assessments and protocols used for special education have adapted and evolved. Today’s Assessment / Impact of changes In today’s world there are a variety of assessments and tools to choose from when working with and identifying students with special needs. These assessments fall under two categories, the first being standardized assessments, and the second being curriculum based assessments. The Binet scale, now known has the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale has been adapted since it was introduced to educators in 1905, and is one of the many standardized assessment tools still used today. Although standardized tests are a great starting point for diagnosing students with special needs it should not be the sole contributor to the diagnosis of a student. Two main concerns when using a standardized test such as the Stanford-Binet scale are that it is culturally unfair and testing conditions and interpretation of test results influence how the student will do on the assessment. Often the standardized tests that are implemented within the school district have been created in the UK or the United States and are mainly designed to be used among white, middle-class children. Therefor if this test is used for any child outside of the specific target group it will be unfair and could lead to the misdiagnosis of students who need special education services. (Newton, 2009) â€Å"For example, if a student with limited English proficiency were assessed using an IQ measure where the directions are given in English, this students performance would likely be compromised based upon limited understanding of the instructions, resulting in a significant underestimate of the students true intelligence. † (GCU, 2013) It is  extremely important for educators to properly assess the students and to make sure we work with them in their areas of struggle prior to labeling them as needing special education. Since every assessment has its pros and cons it is a teachers responsibility to become familiar with their students and know what assessment would best fit their needs. Since there can be some limitations with standardized tests educators may want to explore various curriculum based assessments to aid in the process of identifying these students. One common curriculum based assessments that is used today is the Response to Intervention (RTI). RTI is a type of educational intervention that is implemented to provide students who are having difficulties extra assistance prior to referring them to a special education program. This informal assessment tool is a multi-level prevention system that helps students succeeds in their education. Teachers will follow RTI by monitoring the students’ progress on a regular basis, implementing evidence-based interventions of varying intensities depending on how the student is responding. (NCRTI, 2010). Curriculum based assessments such as RTI have many benefits to students and Educators. Educators today may choose to use these types of assessments because it allows them to be proactive about the problem at hand, they are easy to implement into a classroom routine, if interventions are successful the child will be brought back up to grade level without needing special education services. (Wilmshurst Brue, 2013) Conclusion The assessments and protocols developed throughout the history of special education have evolved and implemented to benefit the students, as well as special education as a whole. Each assessment and intervention has been created to aid educators in the process of serving their students to the best of their abilities. School systems went from using one assessment tool to identify and work with students with disabilities to having a vast selection to choose from. Both formal and informal assessment tools used by educators in today’s society aid in the process of diagnosing and helping students who qualify for special education services. Although, there are some assessment tools that may be better than others, each one will have their pros and cons. Educators can create and use assessment tools that reflect what we know about the student and their learning abilities. The educators and their school districts â€Å"can do so by building on what we have learned during the past decade, and ensuring that the process and outcomes of their approach to alternate assessment are transparent and subject to review, stand up to both technical and ethical scrutiny, push practices and outcomes in the expected and desired directions, and can be improved through data-based oversight over time. † (Quenemoen, 2008). Educators will have to use the best judgment and knowledge to decide what assessment(s) will best work for them. Whether educators use one assessment or a variety of assessments, the main objective is to give the student the best chance to succeed in their education and assist them in becoming functioning members of our their community. References Cherry, K. (2013). History of Intelligence Testing. Retrieved from: http://psychology. about. com/od/psychologicaltesting/a/int-history. htm Grand Canyon University. (2013). Types of Evaluation. Received from: www. my. gcu. edu McLaughlin, M. Rouse, M. (2000). Special Education and School Reform in the United States and Britain. New York, NY: Routledge. Newton, C. (2009). Problems with IQ and Psychometric Assessment. Retrieved from: www. inclusive-solutions. com/word/IQ_Problems_Jan. doc? NCRTI. (2010). Essential Components of RTI. Retrieved from: http://www. rti4success. org/ Pierangelo, R. Giuliani, G. (2007). Understanding Assessment in the Special Education Process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Quenemoen, R. (2008). A brief history of alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards (Synthesis Report 68). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, National Center on Educational Outcomes. Retrieved from: http://www. cehd. umn. edu/NCEO/onlinepubs/Synthesis68/Synthesis68. pdf Reschly, J. D. (2002). Change Dynamics in Special Education Assessment: Historical and Contemporary Patterns. Peabody Journal of Education, V77 n2 p117-36. Retrieved from: http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/10/ The History of Special Education in the United States. (2013). Special Education News. Retrieved from: http://www. specialednews. com/the-history-of-special-education-in-the- united-states. htm Wilmshurst, L. Brue, W. A. (2013). Advantages of Response to Intervention. Retrieved from: http://www. education. com/reference/article/advantages-rti/

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay -- Jean Jacques Rousseau Biographies Essay

Jean-Jacques Rousseau   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† (Josephson 9) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28, 1712. He became the son of Isaac Rousseau, a plebian class watchmaker, and Suzanne Bernard, the daughter of a minister who died shortly after giving birth to him. Rousseau’s baptism ceremony was a traditional one held at St. Peter’s Cathedral on July 4, 1712 by the reverend senebies. He had an elder brother who had a â€Å"loose character†, but Rousseau loved him anyway. At an early age, Rousseau found a love for reading. His mother had an inheritance of some money and many romantic books and novels, so those are the first that he read. He and his father would read for so many hours sometimes they would read continuously through the night and on into the next day. His father had a recklessly violent temper, and after a minor infraction with a police officer, fled from Geneva to Canten Vaud in Myon, which is 12 miles from Geneva, and there he continued his profession. Rousseau was ten years old. He was then sent to live with his maternal uncle Bernard, a military engineer in the service of the city-state, and aunt Madame Goncerut, who instilled in him a great passion for music. Deprived of parental love and affection, Rousseau’s childhood was miserable. He was sent, along with his younger cousin, to be tutored by a Protestant preacher at Bossey, about four miles away at the base of Mont Salà ¨ve. Rousseau loved living in a pleasant land of valleys and hills, and so found the love of nature. It was also at Bossey where Rousseau established a gruesome affection for the pastor’s daughter, who was thirty years old. Two years passed before uncle Bernard withdrew the two boys because they were wrongly accused and beaten for some petty fact. They were then taken back to his aunt and uncle’s home at the Grande Rue in Geneva. The boys were not placed back in regular school, but were taught mathematics and drawing by uncle Bernard. They spoke of making him a pastor, but they did not have enough money to send him, so Rousseau was placed as a notary to his uncle who was a lawyer who thought Rousseau was unqualified and sent him back. He was next placed as an engraver in April 1725. His master was also a violent man like his father who fed Rousseau poorly and often treated him harshly. T... ...Catholic and with 20 francs in hand. Jean Jacques Rousseau†¦George R. Havens Rousseau had only one brother, â€Å"on whom the spirit of the father came down in ample measure, just as the sensibility of the mother decended upon jean-jacques.† He was a rebellious boy and finally ran away to Germany, never to be seen again, so Rousseau was basically an only child. Rousseau†¦..John Morely The details of his childhoos are important because they helped him form the educational theories that are still up to date in our modern world, and also because they give some clues about why he acted the way he did in his later years. Rousseau’s parents were very loyal and devoted to one another ever since the young age of eight. For almost thirteen years, Jean-Jacques father was inconsolable. According to his Confessions, his father said he say his wife in Jean-Jacques. But what Jean-Jacques did not understand is why his father did not realize that it was he who took her from him. Jean-Jacques Rousseau†¦.C.H. Dobinson â€Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† Parents married on june 2, 1704. First son, Francois born in 1705. Jean-Jacques Rousseau- Josephson

Ginsters Report

GINSTERS Table of Contents Introduction and Background Ginsters is the main brand of the Samworth Brothers, a privately owned family business active in various food sectors. Its product range includes pasties, savouries, pies, wraps and sandwiches. Ginsters is based in Callington, Cornwall. The brand has been building its credentials as authentically Cornish and a local product with local ingredients. More recently it’s also trying to associate its brand with the image of fresh and quality ingredients. This is reflected on packaging, advertising and new product development (Ginsters Official website, 2010). The task at hand is to discover the Critical Success Factors for Ginsters, therefore analytical tools and frameworks were used such as SWOT, STP and the Marketing mix analysis. The external and competitive environment were also analyzed. The first section includes the critical evaluation of Ginsters’ CSFs, while the second section is concerned with developing recommendations for a three-year strategy for the firm. 1. Ginsters’ Critical Success Factors 1. 1 CSFs According to Rockart and Bullen (1981), Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are the limited number of ways and the factors that are fundamental for the continual successful performance of a company. The identification of CSFs is important because it allows organizations to focus their efforts on building their capabilities to support their CSFs. On the other hand, it may even allow firms to assess whether they have the capabilities to develop the necessary requirements to meet CSFs. Daniel (1961) was the first to introduce the concept of CSF. The concept was then used to assist in defining the CEO’s information needs that are most critical for a business (Rockart, 1979) (Zwikael and Globersonz, 2006). The CSFs method is straight-forward, however it has a complexity as it can be viewed from several perspectives. Geller (1985) points out that CSFs can be generic to a given combination of conditions in the industry, market and external environment. They can also be context specific in terms of the organization. Furthermore, Rockart and Bullen presented five key sources of CSFs, the industry, competitive strategy and industry position, environmental factors, temporal factors, and managerial position. It is also important to note that CSFs can be monitored or measured to ensure they are still important and valid as they can change over time (Brothererton, 2004). 1. 2- Human resources development The first CSF for Ginsters is its ability to develop human resources. Embedded in its strategy is the recognition that people are important assets of the organization (Ginsters Official Website, 2010). This is evident as it achieved the status of top-service supplier to UK supermarket giant Sainsbury’s. Ginsters came up with a way of enhancing the efficiency and productivity of its workforce. It designed and implemented a unique branded management-development program, which it dubbed ‘‘Platinum’’ (Politt, 2006). This cut staff turnover to half, mitigated absenteeism, increased staff stability, reduced production-line down time building on improved relationships between engineering and production, and succeeded in offering higher services to its supermarket customers, following the introduction of a new training course (Politt, 2006). . 3 Brand Image and Advertising A full STP analysis conducted for Ginsters (see Appendix) has derived important conclusions on Ginsters success factors. The decision to produce and distribute products solely in the United Kingdom has ultimately been positive and successful for the company, as it has increased its UK cus tomer base. In 2009, Ginsters spent over 1 million pounds on advertising, which has generated considerable attention for the company (Mintel Report, 2010). Ginsters has consistently used advertising and it leads the pack in the pies and pastries category of the market (Mintel Report, 2010). This is important and is evident through its great brand reputation along with goods that represent quality and trustworthiness. Ginsters has always promoted its Cornish heritage, emphasizing the importance it gives to local sourcing and the use of 100% British ingredients. The brand has also evolved immensely. Ginsters marketing scheme has developed to highlight the importance of quality ingredients that are put in the pasties. This is of critical importance because consumers are confident that Ginsters products will deliver on quality and taste. Understandably, the pie and pastry industry is highly competitive with Ginsters competitors being able to produce virtually all the products that Ginsters is able to produce. That being said, Ginsters success lies in its convenience and impulse sector largely due to sales of chilled savoury pastry. In fact, Ginsters has been recognized as the number one ‘food on the go’ brand in the last four years (Doonar, 2004). 1. 4 Fragmentation of mealtimes and rise of chilled food industry & The ability to target and reach segments of market These are two important and correlated success factors for Ginsters. The chilled and prepared foods market has evolved in the past 10 years and has become a very dynamic area of the food market. This is largely due to the trend in consumer behaviour where lifestyles are influencing mealtime. This has made mealtimes more fragmented, informal and less important. This environmental social change has resulted in suppliers and retailers placing more emphasis on the chilled cabinet. Moreover demand for chilled foods has soared. This is a type of environmental CSF is one in which the firm has no control over. However, looking at Ginsters reaction to this environmental change is also a strategic critical success factor. Ginsters understood the impact of these changes on consumer purchasing behaviour and they adapted their products to meet this demand. This becomes clear in their ability to target the largest group that conforms to this environmental change, which are young people and business professional, and reaching their target by presenting their products in the right locations such as petrol station, convenience stores and university union shops (Keynotes food industry report, 2010). Ginsters has also benefited from getting the right product mix to serve their target market as the SWOT analysis shows that its products are location independent, convenient, deeply filled, easy to eat and not unhealthy (Mintel Report, 2010). 1. 5 value chain Another critical success factor of Ginsters has been the way it incorporated its value chain. In terms of inbound logistics, Ginsters has chosen a direct channel approach that is characterized by low proximity. The place of Ginsters manufacturing facility is within a 20 mile radius of the raw material providers. It forms a vertical marketing system (VMS) and more specifically an administered VMS. This type of cooperation helps Ginsters have a great degree of control. The system provides 35% of the total raw materials and the target is to reach 50% (Hunt, 2005). Furthermore, concerning operations, increased investments in production technology by introducing automation systems with quality control, ensured the end-quality of the products and also decreased costs (Growth at Ginsters, 2004; Drives cut pastry production costs, 2009; Keeping an eye on the Pie, 2002; Accurate pack coding easy as a pie, 2005). Outbound logistics have also been a subject of focus for the company with a fleet of vans that place emphasis on delivering to 10000 companies during the peak hours (Brooks. 2004). A company-owned distribution system makes it possible to plan and incorporate delivering objectives, as relying on others would have made that difficult. Recommendations for three year strategy The UK has been one of the major economies that are still in recession. Due to the economic crunch, businesses are facing grave troubles to cope with their existing businesses and are trying to raise capital for investment into new businesses. Therefore, Ginsters should focus on improving its existing capacity and making better use of its factors of production. This can be achieved by reducing its working capital, increasing inventory turnover and implementing employee learning and performance improvement training programs similar to the platinum program undertaken 4 years ago (refer to 1. 2). However, the company must establish some long term objectives as there are signs of recovery for the UK economy in the years to come. The Bank of England estimates that the economy will get back on track by 2011 and the HM Treasury has published independent forecasts predicting that by the same year the GDP growth will be a mean 2%. It should plan for the development of smaller markets and target market segments which although less in size, have excellent expected growth rate. Ginsters is targeting youth and working people, but without offering Halal foods as compared to their competitor Pukka pies. According to The Times UK, Muslim population has been increasing 10 times faster than the rest of the communities in the United Kingdom. It has grown by 0. 5 million and reached 2. 4 million in four years from 2004 to 2008 and expected to grow at the same pace as revealed by office of national statistics. Therefore, Ginsters should adopt a market development strategy to target the Muslim community in the UK. It can incorporate this strategy by introducing it into the heavily populated Muslim areas. Ginsters has been spending a lot money on advertisements and has been successful in conveying the positive image of the company to the people. Its latest TV brand shows that it puts quality ingredients in its products, but it does not convey the clear message that its food is more healthy. According to the survey conducted by Mintel, 16 % of people think that Ginsters food is unhealthy as compared to its competitor Pork Farms which was marked unhealthy by only 12 % of them (Mintel, 2010). The reason for this misconception may have arisen from its marketing slogan, ‘Real Honest Food’. This portrays that Ginsters products are of quality and authentic, however fails to demonstrate that it has taken healthy eating into consideration. Therefore, the firm should seriously plan for new advertisements and promotions that give a more clear picture of Ginsters as a healthy food manufacturer. To convey the idea of healthy foods, the company should take advantage of the ongoing and upcoming events that represent Ginsters target market and could be helpful in promoting its message. It is recommended that Ginsters should become an official sponsor of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. It can make new and innovative advertisements in the Olympic Games that can help produce a healthier image. Sponsorship will also enable the firm to increase the awareness of its products and influence consumer behaviour patterns thereby leading to increased sales. It will also help to enhance the brand image in target groups’ minds and develop a disposition to change behaviour towards buying the promoted brand, thereby leading to improved revenues (Smolianov et al,1999). Ginsters support of a major international event will help in conveying its message to billions of people more accurately and positively. It costs nearly 10 million pounds to become a three tier sponsor. Ginsters had pre-tax profits of 45. 2 million in 2009 and paid dividends amounting to 16. 2 million, up from 14 million in 2008 (Bloomberg Database, 2010). Assuming a stable dividends growth, there is the potential for worldwide promotion and brand recognition. Instead of paying dividends out, it should deposit them with a bank or place them in investment grade securities in order to grow at an amount sufficient enough to secure a place in the top sponsors of the Olympic Games. TV advertising during the Olympics will also increase brand awareness among live audiences who watch TV broadcasts, which will ultimately pave the way to Ginsters going global. In 2008, a record breaking 70 million viewers tuned to NBC to watch the opening ceremony, not mentioning the other international broadcast stations (The Washington Post, 2010). The cost for a 30 second spot is expected to reach the 400. 000 USD level, signifying the importance of the particular event. In Ginsters case, the advertising strategy should include all forms of digital and physical advertising (television, radio, press, online, billboard, in-store etc. . In late 2009 Ginsters decided to redefine its brand image and target a broader market segment. It tried to appeal more to mothers and fathers while dropping its image as simply a snack. To continue to accomplish this, a massive advertising campaign is desperately needed. Along these lines, the company should negotiate a deal with BBC1 and ITV1 to spo nsor the most popular programs in UK television. Programs that aim to captivate the interest of thousands of British families, which comprises the new target group for Ginsters. Such programs would include â€Å"Eastenders†, one of the most watched and long running soap operas, â€Å"Coronation Street†, the longest running drama series in the world still to be in production and â€Å"X Factor† a singing competition with over 13 million viewers each week (Broadcaster’s Audience Research Board, 2010). Appendix STP Analysis: | Ginster’s| Pukka Pies| Segmentation| Products are sold exclusively in the United Kingdom highlighting the fact that Ginsters is a domestic company. Products are grouped towards the younger population of both sexes due its convenience. The family appeal is one in which Ginsters strives to achieve as they portray a family environment in their advertising. Socio-economic class is not of vital importance with Ginsters as they want to cater to the complete market. The upper class can rely on a quality product while the lower class can rest assured that the product is competitively priced. | Products are sold all across Europe. Countries include Austria, Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and the United KingdomProducts are grouped for people of all characteristics, specifically the middle-class family. With a wide variety of products including frozen and chilled pastries, it is important for Pukka Pies to capture the full European market, rather than segment. | Targeting| Products are targeted towards the young students as evident in their separate online education portal and their collaboration with different colleges and universities. Also, they are actively involved in surfing, football, and music festivals which appeal to young generation. They targeted the meat eating and non-Islamic sector as they do not have a Halal pastry| Products are targeted towards outgoing events to garner considerable public interest. Examples include the Pukka Pies England band as well as major sponsorships to major sporting events. | Positioning| The pie and pastry market is a competitive one in which each company does not differentiate it s positioning too much. Ginster’s remains unique and relevant amongst its United Kingdom customers by positioning its domestic appeal. Ginsters have strategized to provide quality food for a reasonable price. As compared to competitors, Ginster’s is ranked amongst the top for pricing. Quality is of utmost importance and therefore they position themselves to advertise quality and honesty of foods. Media advertising, over 1 million pounds in 2009, was largely concentrated on the target markets including students and mothers. This was done by adding more sandwiches to cater to women as well as advertisements at sporting and recreation events for students. | The differentiation by Pukka Pies is their international appeal. They strive, not solely to dominate a market, however to diversify themselves into different markets. Penetration strategies is their positioning technique as their products are available across Europe. | Marketing Mix Analysis Products: Ginsters has got a huge product line consisting of 58 types of pasties, slices, pork pies, hot pies, savories, sandwiches and wraps as compare to its competitors, pukka pies and pork farms. All Ginsters raw material comes from the farms and suppliers present in Cornwall. They have different specialize supplier who provides them with fresh and pure raw material. These farms and suppliers includes Hay farm, torpoint for vegetables, Bocaddon farm, Lanreah for Cornish soft cheese, Cornish orchards, duloe for apple juice to capture that authentic west country flavour, jaspers of treburley for beef and David stone creamery for fresh cheese. Ginsters official website, 2010) Ginsters focus on Chilled products whereas Pukka pies have variety of categories including frozen backed, chilled backed, frozen backed wrapped, frozen unbaked range, frozen pastry (Pukka pies official website, 2010) If we analyze Ginsters product line we find that they have 21 types of different sandwiches as compare to pies and pasties which are few in numbers (Ginsters official website, 2010). Whereas Pukka pies and pork farms have less variety than Ginsters. Pukka pies have some additional flavour of pies including kidney and potato and they also sell halal food (Pukka pies official website, 2010). Furthermore pork farms have bakes and scotch eggs (pork farms official website, 2010) Price: Ginsters product pricing is almost same as compare to Pukka pies and pork farms. For example steak pies from Ginsters and Pukka pies cost exactly 1 ? but in some cases Ginsters is expensive for example Ginsters pork pie is 1. 29 ? and Pork farms pork pie is 0. 91 ? (Tesco Official website, 2010). Therefore we can say that Ginsters have a comparable pricing strategy with most of its product line but with some of the market leading products they show skimming pricing strategy as well. Place: Ginsters only Target UK market. They follow wholesale sale strategy. They have distributors all over UK. They keep their products in big super markets like Tesco, Sainsbury etc. The major area where Pukka pies leaves Ginsters behind is its sale locations. Pukka pies are selling in Austria, Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Malta, Portugal, Spain and Tenerife other than UK. Pukka pies official website, 2010) Promotions: When it comes to promotions, Ginsters are spending a lot of revenue on advertisement and promotional activities like charity, supporting local teams etc. The differentiating part of Ginsters promotional activity includes collaboration with different universities including Plymouth University and community colleges at Callington, Launcest on, Tavistock and Saltash colleges and universities. Ginsters also have their online educational portal. This shows that they are targeting youngsters from schools, colleges and universities. For the new promotions Ginsters is focusing on introducing some fruit pies as well. Their promotional strategy seems to be product benefit advertisement strategy. As compare to Ginsters Pukka pies have a large variety of souvenirs including footballs, posters, cups, caps etc. They have an online portal where people can buy their souvenirs. As compare to both of them pork farms focus on introducing new packaging and actively conduct live shows with consumers to test their products and tells them of their products taste. Pork farms are teaming up with Peperami and Branston to launch a number of co-branded recipes. The new partnerships will see a Spicy Hit sausage roll with Peperami and two Pickle Hit sausage rolls – one with Branston Pickle and cheese and one with Branston Pickle and sausage meat – available from mid-March 2010. The company is also launching a Pork and Branston Pickle Pork Pie. (Ginsters official website, 2010; Pukka pies official website, 2010; Pork farms official website, 2010) SWOT Analysis: Strengths * Product variety in comparison to competitors places a strong emphasis on new product development to create innovative, exciting products to enhance its core product range. Ginsters launched mini pasties in Q2 2010 to tie in with the upcoming picnic season and the on-the-go snacking market. * Ganisters position in more than one market and covering them successfully due to their diverse products * Ginsters’ products have a number of characteristics that make them a highly popular lunchtime food firstly their products are location independent and can be eaten practically anywhere. Secondly their products are convenient and can be found in many locations. Furthermore their products are filling and positioned as big eats. Finally the products are easy to eat and are pre-packed. * Advertisement and promotion strategy Ginsters’ promotional activities have always highlighted its British provenance and local sourcing. Moreover their brand image Fresh and hygienic food which is and advantage in the current customer behaviour trends. * HRM program that allows for organisational learning * There supply chain is short therefore saves them money and increases quality * Manufacturing processes are fully automated speed up production and inspection and quality programs to be easy. Weaknesses The product range is not comprehensive and there are some niches they did not cater for, such as the vegetarian market the Halal and Kosher markets. * Ginsters operate only in the UK where competitors such as Pukka Pies operate internationally they are pies are selling in Austria, Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Malta, Portugal, Spain and Tenerife other than UK. * Although Gins ters are trying to convey that they are a healthy product. This message is not reaching other market segments, such as women and families. There image as a healthy product is not strong. Despite a high rate of new product development, the favourite lines continue to be the BLT, prawn mayonnaise, cheese and pickle, chicken salad and egg and cheese Opportunities * Increase emphasis on health awareness products. Interest in healthy eating will undoubtedly outlive the recession and there is scope to increase the number of functional products in many areas of the market. * Ginsters can explore minority market niches such as, vegetarians and Halal foods. This can be achieved by new product development. * Utilisation of production capabilities by exploring International markets, as competitors are present outside the local market. Despite the recession, sales of indulgence products such as desserts may also grow if suppliers can position the products as relatively inexpensive treats. Threa ts * One of the longer-term challenges that the pies and pasty category will face is whether consumers will stick to the category when the economy improves and they have more disposable income. Pies and pasties offer consumers a low cost meal that is convenient, but does not tick the healthy eating box and so requires manufacturers to find ways to reformulate their product ranges to make them healthier. When looking at the things that worry consumers the most, their financial situation and the economy supersedes any concerns they may have about their health, so while they face financial challenges, the health credentials of the food they are eating may be of less importance if it proves to be more cost efficient. * Ginsters needs to ensure that they maintain their above-the-line support of their brands to ensure they are top of mind when consumers are looking for a quick snack. The recession will strengthen the appeal of own-label products and consequently affect NPD and marketing, which will culminate in undermining value growth in the market. References Accurate pack coding easy as a pie (2005). Packaging Magazine, 8 (1), pp. 18-19. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed:10 November 2010) Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin (2007). 2nd Quarter, 47(2), pp. 317-329 Bloomberg Database (2010). Available at: http://www. bloomberg. com (Accessed: 6 November 2010) Broadcasters Audience Research Board (2010). Available at: http://www. arb. co. uk (Accessed: 8 November 2010) Brooks, Bob. (2004). â€Å"Cornish Convenience†, Food Manufacture, 79 (1), pp. 26-27. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Brothererton, B. (2004). â€Å"Critical Success Factors in the UK Corporate Hotels†, Sevice Industries Journal, Vol. 24 NO. 3, 2004, pp19-42. CHENG, E. W. L. and LI, H. (2001). â€Å"Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Approach to Determine Measures For Business Performance†, Mea suring Business Excellence, Vol. 5 No. 3, 2001, pp. 30-37. Daniel, R. H. , (1961). Management data crisis. Harvard Bus. Rev. , 1961, Sept–Oct, 111–112. Doonar, J. (2004). â€Å"Pasties and pastures new: Joanna Doonar interviews Mark Dudderidge, the managing director of Ginsters and discovers that society's preoccupation with obesity is not holding back the growth of the Cornish pasty company† Brand Strategy. EBSCO (Online). Available at http://www. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 01 November 2010) Drives cut pastry production costs (2009). Works Management, 62 (11), p. 29. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Ginsters official website (2010). Available at: http://www. ginsters. co. uk/ (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Growth at Ginsters (2004). Food Manufucture, 84 (2), p. 7 EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Hunt, Gail. (2005). â€Å"Local Champion†, Food Manufacture, 80 (2), p. 35. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Johnson, A. (2010). â€Å"Forecasts for the UK economy: a comparison of independent forecasts† HM Treasury, Issue 281. Keeping an Eye on the Pie (2002). Food Engineering ; Ingredients, 27 (4), p. 47. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Politt, D. (2006). â€Å"Golden Outcome of Ginsters Training† HRM International Digest, 14(1) Pork farms official website (2010). Available at: http://www. pork-farms. co. uk/index. html (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Pukka pies official website (2010). Available at: http://www. pukkapies. co. uk/ (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Rockart, J. and Bullen, C. , 1981. A primer on critical success factors. Center for Information Systems Research Working Paper No 69. Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts Rockart, F. R. ,(1979). Chief Executives define their own data needs. Harvard Bus. Rev. , 1979, 57(2), 238–241. SUN, H. and CHUNG, W. W. (2005). â€Å"Critical success factors for new product development in the Hong Kong toy industry†, Technovation, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 2005, pp. 293-303. Tesco official website (2010). Available at: http://www. tesco. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Zwikael. O. ; Globersonz, S. , (2006). â€Å"From Critical Success Factors to Critical Success Processes†, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 44 No. 17, 2006, pp. 343-3449.

Software Requirements Specification Template

Software Requirements Specification Template CptS 322—Software Engineering 9 February 2005 The following annotated template shall be used to complete the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) assignment of WSU-TC CptS 322. The instructor must approve any modifications to the overall structure of this document. Template Usage: Text contained within angle brackets (‘’) shall be replaced by your project-specific information and/or details.For example, will be replaced with either ‘Smart Home’ or ‘Sensor Network’. Italicized text is included to briefly annotate the purpose of each section within this template. This text should not appear in the final version of your submitted SRS. This cover page is not a part of the final template and should be removed before your SRS is submitted. Acknowledgements: Sections of this document are based upon the IEEE Guide to Software Requirements Specification (ANSI/IEEE Std. 30-1984). The SRS templates o f Dr. Orest Pilskalns (WSU, Vancover) and Jack Hagemeister (WSU, Pullman) have also be used as guides in developing this template for the WSU-TC Spring 2005 CptS 322 course. Software Requirements Specification Lead Software Engineer Prepared for WSU-TC CptS 322—Software Engineering Principles I Instructor: A. David McKinnon, Ph. D. Spring 2005 Revision History Date |Description |Author |Comments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Document Approval The following Software Requirements Specification has been accepted and approved by the following: |Signature |Printed Name |Title |Date | | | |Lead Software Eng. | | | |A.David McKinnon |Instructor, CptS 322 | | | | | | | Table of Contents Revision Historyii Document Approvalii 1. Introduction1 1. 1 Purpose1 1. 2 Scope1 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations1 1. 4 References1 1. 5 Overview1 2. General Description2 2. 1 Product Perspective2 2. 2 Product Functions2 2. 3 User Characteristics2 2. 4 General Constraints2 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies2 3. Specific Requirements2 3. 1 External Interface Requirements3 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces3 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces3 3. 1. 3 Software Interfaces3 3. 1. 4 Communications Interfaces3 3. 2 Functional Requirements3 3. 2. 1 3 3. 2. 2 3 3. 3 Use Cases3 3. 3. 1 Use Case #13 3. 3. 2 Use Case #23 3. Classes / Objects3 3. 4. 1 3 3. 4. 2 3 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements4 3. 5. 1 Performance4 3. 5. 2 Reliability4 3. 5. 3 Availability4 3. 5. 4 Security4 3. 5. 5 Maintainability4 3. 5. 6 Portability4 3. 6 Inverse Requirements4 3. 7 Design Constraints4 3. 8 Logical Database Requirements4 3. 9 Other Requirements4 4. Analysis Models4 4. 1 Sequence Diagrams5 4. 3 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)5 4. 2 State-Transition Diagrams (STD)5 5. Change Management Process5 A. Appendices5 A. 1 Appendix 15 A. 2 Appendix 25 1. Introduction The introduction to the Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document should provide an overview of the complete SRS document.While writing this document please remember that this document should contain all of the information needed by a software engineer to adequately design and implement the software product described by the requirements listed in this document. (Note: the following subsection annotates are largely taken from the IEEE Guide to SRS). 1. 1 Purpose What is the purpose of this SRS and the (intended) audience for which it is written. 1. 2 Scope This subsection should: (1) Identify the software product(s) to be produced by name; for example, Host DBMS, Report Generator, etc (2)Explain what the software product(s) will, and, if necessary, will not do (3)Describe the application of the software being specified. As a portion of this, it should: (a) Describe all relevant benefits, objectives, and goals as precisely as possible.For example, to say that one goal is to provide effective reporting capabilities is not as good as saying parameter-driven, user-definable reports with a 2 h turnaround and on-line entry of u ser parameters. (b) Be consistent with similar statements in higher-level specifications (for example, the System Requirement Specification) , if they exist. What is the scope of this software product. 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations This subsection should provide the definitions of all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations required to properly interpret the SRS. This information may be provided by reference to one or more appendixes in the SRS or by reference to other documents. 1.4 References This subsection should: (1)Provide a complete list of all documents referenced elsewhere in the SRS, or in a separate, specified document. 2)Identify each document by title, report number – if applicable – date, and publishing organization. (3)Specify the sources from which the references can be obtained. This information may be provided by reference to an appendix or to another document. 1. 5 Overview This subsection should: (1) Describe what the rest of the SRS cont ains (2) Explain how the SRS is organized. 2. General Description This section of the SRS should describe the general factors that affect ‘the product and its requirements. It should be made clear that this section does not state specific requirements; it only makes those requirements easier to understand. 2. 1 Product PerspectiveThis subsection of the SRS puts the product into perspective with other related products or projects. (See the IEEE Guide to SRS for more details). 2. 2 Product Functions This subsection of the SRS should provide a summary of the functions that the software will perform. 2. 3 User Characteristics This subsection of the SRS should describe those general characteristics of the eventual users of the product that will affect the specific requirements. (See the IEEE Guide to SRS for more details).2. 4 General Constraints This subsection of the SRS should provide a general description of any other items that will limit the developer’s options for des igning the system. See the IEEE Guide to SRS for a partial list of possible general constraints). 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies This subsection of the SRS should list each of the factors that affect the requirements stated in the SRS. These factors are not design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can affect the requirements in the SRS. For example, an assumption might be that a specific operating system will be available on the hardware designated for the software product. If, in fact, the operating system is not available, the SRS would then have to change accordingly. 3. Specific Requirements This will be the largest and most important section of the SRS.The customer requirements will be embodied within Section 2, but this section will give the D-requirements that are used to guide the project’s software design, implementation, and testing. Each requirement in this section should be: †¢ Correct †¢ Traceable (both forward and backward to prior/future artifacts) †¢ Unambiguous †¢ Verifiable (i. e. , testable) †¢ Prioritized (with respect to importance and/or stability) †¢ Complete †¢ Consistent †¢ Uniquely identifiable (usually via numbering like 3. 4. 5. 6) Attention should be paid to the carefuly organize the requirements presented in this section so that they may easily accessed and understood.Furthermore, this SRS is not the software design document, therefore one should avoid the tendency to over-constrain (and therefore design) the software project within this SRS. 3. External Interface Requirements 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces 3. 1. 3 Software Interfaces 3. 1. 4 Communications Interfaces 3. 2 Functional Requirements This section describes specific features of the software project. If desired, some requirements may be specified in the use-case format and listed in the Use Cases Section. 3. 2. 1 3. 2. 1. 1 Introduction 3. 2. 1. 2 Inputs 3. 2. 1. 3 Processing 3. 2. 1. 4 Outputs 3. 2. 1. 5 Error Handling 3. 2. 2 †¦ 3. 3 Use Cases 3. 3. 1 Use Case #1 3. 3. 2 Use Case #2 †¦ 3. 4 Classes / Objects 3. 4. 1 3. 4. 1. 1 Attributes 3. 4. 1. 2 Functions 3. 4. 2 †¦ 3. 5 Non-Functional RequirementsNon-functional requirements may exist for the following attributes. Often these requirements must be achieved at a system-wide level rather than at a unit level. State the requirements in the following sections in measurable terms (e. g. , 95% of transaction shall be processed in less than a second, system downtime may not exceed 1 minute per day, ;gt; 30 day MTBF value, etc). 3. 5. 1 Performance 3. 5. 2 Reliability 3. 5. 3 Availability 3. 5. 4 Security3. 5. 5 Maintainability 3. 5. 6 Portability 3. 6 Inverse Requirements State any *useful* inverse requirements. 3. 7 Design Constraints Specify design constrains imposed by other standards, company policies, hardware limitation, etc. hat will impact this software project. 3. 8 Logic al Database Requirements Will a database be used? If so, what logical requirements exist for data formats, storage capabilities, data retention, data integrity, etc. 3. 9 Other Requirements Catchall section for any additional requirements. 4. Analysis Models List all analysis models used in developing specific requirements previously given in this SRS. Each model should include an introduction and a narrative description. Furthermore, each model should be traceable the SRS’s requirements. 4. 1 Sequence Diagrams 4. 3 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) 4. 2 State-Transition Diagrams (STD) 5. Change Management ProcessIdentify and describe the process that will be used to update the SRS, as needed, when project scope or requirements change. Who can submit changes and by what means, and how will these changes be approved. A. Appendices Appendices may be used to provide additional (and hopefully helpful) information. If present, the SRS should explicitly state whether the information contain ed within an appendix is to be considered as a part of the SRS’s overall set of requirements. Example Appendices could include (initial) conceptual documents for the software project, marketing materials, minutes of meetings with the customer(s), etc. A. 1 Appendix 1 A. 2 Appendix 2

First Amendment

Free Speech /First Amendment Introduction There were times when people would be imprisoned for speaking out their minds. Speech is one form of communication of thought, ideas and beliefs. Without the freedom of speech people can be forced to accept things that are stated by the society.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Speech /First Amendment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In England for instance, during the 16th century Henry VII was taken to prison for speaking his mind, at the time it was a crime that was punishable by death. Freedom of speech allows personal ideas to be expressed freely; more so the freedom of speech in the United States governed by the first amendment of the constitution other than communication also covers public acts like parades demonstration, artist expressions and pickets. First Amendment in the United States constitution protects the freedom of speech (Tedford 123). Government condemnation and advocac y ideas that are not popular which people find without taste and against public policy for example racism and chauvinism are always unacceptable. Child pornography laws, Miller test for obscenity and speeches that may result to lawless actions are some of the exceptions in the general protection. In these areas there are limitations of free speech and other rights like rights of inventor and authors over their copyright. In US a graduated system is followed in regulating freedom of speech. In the First Amendment diverse types of regulation are subject to analysis in court challenges. Types of Speeches There are different types of speeches; the first is core political speech the most guarded form due to its communicative nature and its function to a republic that is functional (Mike 65). It is a speech about political issues and ideas that are not motivated by profit; the restrictions in this kind of speech must be well analyzed or else they can be struck down. Another kind of speech is commercial speech, in this kind it is not wholly protected although it is regulated by the state (Mike). There are some exceptions to freedom of expression. Many of these have been identified by the court and in many cases without controversy. Courts justified them as speeches which could harm the public or speeches that the fore fathers had no intention of protecting or just customs that had been part of common law tradition from England where the American legal system is derived. Exceptions Obscenity is one of the exceptions, according to the US Miller Test, obscenity is a test used by Supreme Court to determine if an expression or a speech can be termed obscene and whether it can be protected by the first amendment of the constitution (Tedford 124). This is speech that describes sexual conduct in very offensive way and it can also be described as pornography.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15 % OFF Learn More Defamation is another exception and consists of publication of report of a fact that is untrue and can harm the reputation of another person. The freedom of expression has restrictions where ones expressions can harm the reputation of another person. An allegation of fact is a requirement in defamation that is false while the expression of an opinion is not defamation. Right to pornography This topic on pornography has had a lot of discussions in the United States for many years. For people would want the legislation to regulate it and would also like to have software that would filter it. The greatest problem is that it is not easy to make laws that would go against it because by doing so someone would be challenging the first amendment. In any case so many issues have been raised that include claims that it demoralizes women and its filthy to be seen by the children. The main question is whether pornography is really harmful (Emerson). There are so me reasons why the government finds it difficult to put restriction on pornography. In social theory and in practice Emerson states that there is no enough reason as to why some people would find some material unpleasant and try to give restrictions on those materials (Emerson). In order to have restrictions on such materials there is need to have appropriate ground to make such laws so as to prevent the distribution of pornographic material because by looking at it from any perspective it is against the laws of free speech as outlined by the first amendment. There is disagreement among traditional liberal defenders regarding discarding the principles of legal paternalism and legal moralism mostly in cases where people above eighteen year are concerned (Emerson). This does not mean that they approve obscenity they actually find it offensive and mindless. Most people admit that the major function of pornography is to cause sexual arousal to viewers which can be regarded as low value speech. This is a speech that does not contribute anything that is artistic, intellectual, literal or of any political merit to the social and moral environment (Emerson). On the contrary it does not mean that it need not be protected. It is strongly believed that mature and healthy adults are free to pursue their own pleasures privately and that the opinion of others on whether it is right or wrong to do so is intrusive or uncalled for. The implication is that what many find moral should not be allowed in law to hold back rebellious minority opinions so as to force their moral beliefs on others.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Speech /First Amendment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today the first amendment that protects freedom of speech is viewed by many liberals as a fundamental right that cannot be regulated by government. But it is acceptable and expected for the State to intervene and regulat e speech when it is used to cause harm. There is no known way for determining the harm caused to others so as to justify what legal action that should be taken in case of such speech. To arrive at a decision whether or not to restrict speech in such a case, the nature and impact of harm caused is weighed against the interest of those involved (Emerson). This is then compared to the benefits and costs of an alternative policy that should be undertaken. If any speech goes against the interest of the majority of the public and its benefit minimal it should be restricted. Conclusion The first amendment is of great importance since without it, citizens in the US would not be given a chance by the US government to be heard. For democracy to change and grow the citizens should be allowed to voice their ideas. Without the first amendment there would be no words in music, it would also be difficult to print publications freely, there would be no going to groups and attending organizations an d lastly everyone would belong to the same religion. Without the first amendment US could be very corrupt since there would be no press which serves the function of a watchdog. This is because the five fundamental freedoms which are essential and accomplished through the amendment would not be possible. Work Cited Mike, Godwin. â€Å"Defending Free Speech in the Digital Age†. New York: Times Books. 1998. Print. Tedford, Thomas. â€Å"Freedom of speech in the United States†. Carbondale: Southern Illinois, 1985. Print. Emerson, Thomas . Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment.†The  Yale Law Journal Company, 14.2 (1963): 123-132.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Using El Over La for Spanish Feminine Words

Using El Over La for Spanish Feminine Words El is the singular, masculine definite article, meaning the, in Spanish and is used to define masculine nouns, while la is the feminine version. But there are a few instances where el is used with feminine nouns. Gender in Words An interesting thing about Spanish is the fact that words have gender. A word is considered male or female, depending on what the word refers to and how it ends. A general rule of thumb is if a word ends in -o, it is most likely masculine, and if a word ends in -a, it is most likely feminine. If the word is describing a female person, then the word is feminine and vice versa. Definite Articles for Nouns In most cases, el is used for masculine nouns and la is used for feminine nouns. Another rule supersedes this, and that is when the feminine noun is singular and starts with a stressed a- or ha- sound, like the words agua, meaning water, or hambre, meaning hunger. The reason the definite article becomes el is mostly a matter of how it sounds to say la agua and la hambre and the clunkiness of the double-a sounds repeating. It sounds more definitive to say el agua and el hambre. There is a similar grammar rule in English about the use of the an versus a. An English speaker would say, an apple instead of a apple. The two repeating double-a sounds are too close to each other and sound too repetitive. The English rule  states that an, which is an indefinite article modifying the noun, comes before nouns that have a vowel sound at the beginning of the word and a comes before consonant-starting nouns. Feminine Words that Use the Masculine Article Notice the substitution of el for la takes place when it comes immediately before words starting with an a sound. Feminine Nouns English Translation el agua the water el ama de casa the housewife el asma asthma el arca the ark el hambre hunger el hampa the underworld el arpa the harp el guila the eagle If the feminine noun is modified by  adjectives  that follow the noun in the sentence, the feminine noun retains the masculine article. Feminine Nouns English Translation el agua purificada purified water el arpa paraguaya the Paraguayan harp el hambre excesiva excessive hunger Reverting Back to the Feminine Article The thing to remember is that words that are feminine remain feminine. The reason why this matters is if the word becomes plural, the word goes back to using the feminine definite article. In this case, the definite article becomes las. It sounds fine to say las arcas  since the s in las breaks up the double-a sound. Another example is las amas de casa. If a word intervenes between the definite article and the noun,  la  is used. Feminine Nouns English Translation la pura agua pure water la insoportable hambre the unbearable hunger la feliz ama de casa the happy housewife la gran guila the great eagle If the accent of the noun is not on the first syllable, the definite article la is used with singular feminine nouns when they begin with a- or ha-. Feminine Nouns English Translation la habilidad the skill la audiencia the audience la asamblea the meeting The substitution of el for la does not occur before adjectives that begin with a stressed a- or ha-, the rule only applies to nouns, despite the double-a sound.   Feminine Nouns English Translation la alta muchacha the tall girl la agria experiencia the bitter experience Exceptions to the Rule There a few exceptions to the rule that el substitutes for la immediately before a noun that begins with a stressed a- or ha-. Note, the letters of the alphabet, called  letras  in Spanish, which is a feminine noun, are all feminine. Feminine Nouns English Translation la rabe the Arabic woman La Haya The Hague la a the letter A la hache the letter H la haz uncommon word for face, not to be confused with el haz,meaning shaft or beam Feminine Words Can Use the Masculine Indefinite Article Most grammarians consider it correct for feminine words to take the masculine indefinite article un instead of una under the same conditions where la is changed to el. It is for the same reason  la is changed to el, to eliminate the double-a sound of the two words together.   Feminine Nouns English Translation un guila an eagle un ama de casa a housewife Although this is widely considered correct grammar, this usage is not universal. In everyday spoken language, this rule is irrelevant, due to elision, which is the omission of sounds, especially as words flow together. In pronunciation, there is no difference between un guila and una guila.

The Strength of the Mobile Computing of Apple Case Study

The Strength of the Mobile Computing of Apple - Case Study Example The C.E.O. of Google was in the board of directors of Apple. But when Eric Schmidt stepped down from the position then the competition became intense between the two companies. Google has acquired AdMob which is the maker of sells banner ads. Google has also support the manufacturers of the handsets so that they run the Android operating system and can access the services online. In contrast Microsoft is not the frontrunner in the mobile computing industry. They were unable to make such progress in the mobile computing market when their Windows operating system is in 95% of the PCs of the world. Question 2 Mobile computing environment used to move along with the user and it provides information to the user anywhere and anytime (Talukdar, p.6). Mobile computing is important for the firms as the future of internet searches depends on mobile computing. The research firm Gartner also predicted that the mobile internet search market will grow to 23.5% of searches in 2016. Three firms Appl e, Google and Microsoft are the three big firms in the information technology industry. For capturing the future market these three firms should develop the mobile computing, which will be the dominant technology in future. The mobile internet platform offering of Apple consists of various App store provided which is popular. Google also provide Android OS which is one of the dominant players in the market beside the iOS of Apple. Google develop the App which is not developed by Apple like the multiple applications can’t run at once in the offerings of Apple. But Microsoft is far behind in this competition of mobile computing. Question 3 The application stores of the mobile computing means the different application of software that the user can use. The application should be user friendly and innovative so that the customers get interested in the products. Some applications should be provided in free, which are attractable, so that the customers start to use the application o f that brand. After that the customers would be interested in the paid applications of the brand. Apple has applied that strategy and they were successful. Another criterion is that the applications should be able to run in the system simultaneously. Apple has failed to do so. In this area Google has developed their technology. In the smartphones of Google the users can use some applications simultaneously. If a company which has failed to meet the customer expectations in the mobile applications then the company would stay back in the competition. Question 4 From the researcher point of view the business model of Google will prevail in the epic struggle. Microsoft has not so chance in the current scenario. They were unable to catch the mobile computing market among the three companies. If the company patch up with Apple then there would be little chance of profit from the mobile computing industry. Apple is the frontrunner in the industry but probably they will be unable to develop much from this current position. It is a fact that the Apple users cannot use multiple applications simultaneously, which makes it not so user friendly. It is also a fact that a company can’t expand their profit only using their loyal customer base.  

Health Organization Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Organization Case Study - Essay Example The above portrays the national focus of the Group, as will be discussed below. UnitedHealth Group Inc., was created in 1977, and is currently the single largest health care in America having initially started with the introduction of the first seniors’ health plan that was network-based. By the year 1984, it was ready to join the securities exchange, becoming a publicly traded entity. J.D. Power and Associates’ recent rating of the entity, as having the highest employer satisfaction in terms of self-insured health plans, is one of its many accreditations, which continue to portray its positive presence in American society. Adding to this was its 2011 accreditation by the American Medical Association (UnitedHealth Group, 2014). According to the Fourth Annual Report Card, as portrayed by UnitedHealth Group (2014) out of the seven national health insurance firms evaluated; in terms of the accuracy and timeliness of claims processing, United Healthcare was placed in pole position. This is concerning metrics such as approval, processing and payment, where the firm led its industry peers in – Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) Accuracy and Contracted Fee Schedule Match Rate. The latter, is an indicator of how often insurance claim payments match the contracted fee schedules. The former pertains to measurements of the rate at which the physician practices’ projected allowed amount equals that of the insurer’s permitted amount. Thus, accordingly, the Business Insurance Magazine named the firm as the overall ‘readers last choice’ winner (2010) for its great role as the most excellent health plan provider. On the converse, the entity rated last, concerning the metric, which covers the required medications and procedures. Further still is the fact that a survey in the same year, of hospital executives who had interacted with the firm, resulted in the firm