Social Studies Learners Range From Gifted Students Essay

Learning about Social Studies is a subject that contains a lot of important information and details. Social Studies is associated with the past, present, and future. Most important every student should have the opportunity to learn about the past, present, and future. It doesn’t matter if the student is in a Special, General or an integrated class, they all have the privilege to learn and find out information that they can relate, define, and learn. â€Å"Social studies learners range from gifted students who can read George Washington’s farewell address to struggling readers who have difficulty reading the words to â€Å"America, the Beautiful†(Pg.9) These contexts are something that students need to be exposed too as well understand the concept of it. â€Å"Our role as teachers is to help students become good citizens by making informed decision (Pg.9). This is why it’s important for teachers to have a well develop idea in all subjects. It is importan t for teachers to be able to promote learning and providing students with the education deserved. Describe the six social sciences: 1.Anthropology: Anthropology is associated with finding and defining people culture. Anthropology is a form used to find out information that is related to people lifestyle and their culture. Every human culture system is logical and coherent in its own terms, given the basic assumption and knowledge available to the given community(Pg.14). It is important to always take into consideration the person’sShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Gifted Students Demonstrate Characteristics And Behaviors That Differs From Their Peers893 Words   |  4 PagesGifted students demonstrate characteristics and behaviors that differs from their peers because they are self-motivated, finds joy in learning, think creatively and take many risks. Most truly gifted students go above and beyond to expand their knowledge. During my case study, I was granted the opportunity to get to know â€Å"Bella†. Bella is a 4th grade student at Canby Lane Elementary which she has attended since Kindergarte n. She entered the gifted and talent program at the age 6. She is 10 yearsRead MoreCan The Regular Inclusive Classroom?1592 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Many students who are gifted require differentiated programming and supports to meet their exceptional learning needs† (Alberta Education, p.172). Can the regular inclusive classroom, a heterogeneous program, be enough of a challenge to stimulate the thinking to reach the gifted learner? Or, is a homogenous classroom, comprised of only gifted individuals, be the best academic solution for these exceptional students? As of June 2014, in the Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario, thereRead MoreSupport Diversity Within The School1679 Words   |  7 PagesPART A Brisbane Catholic Education ensures that schools are an inclusive, supportive and engaging environment for all students, staff and caregivers. It strives to build a community that values, celebrates and responds to diversity (Brisbane Catholic Education, 2015). Catholic schools cater for students who have a diverse range of personal characteristics and experiences. These characteristics and experience include various physical, religious, cultural, personal health or wellbeing, intellectualRead MoreMary Meeker s Role For The Development Of Diverse Intellectual Abilities1233 Words   |  5 Pagescollege, something which he had been unable to do. He fancied himself a business man, so the family moved from place to place as he looked for the elusive perfect opportunity. Every new school brought another Intelligence Test and eventually Mary skipped a grade. Mary’s sister who was learning disabled was often mistreated by the Nuns at one of the schools, causing Mary to turn away from her religion. Her mother did not see her talent or creativity and was often mean and abusive toward her childrenRead MoreThe Curriculum And Expression Of A System Of Personal Values975 Words   |  4 Pagesare in place as a guide to teachers to the expectations of student development and learning. â€Å"The syllabus is designed to develop enjoyment of English and an appreciation of its value and role in learning.† (BOSTES, 2009) Within the 7-10 curriculum students are encouraged to engage with a range of texts that encompass broad uses of language and literature in many contexts from Shakespeare to children’s literature and advertisements. Students are examining these topics to â€Å"support the development andRead More Acceleration Within the School System Essay2524 Words   |  11 Pagesaccelerating students, enhances their psychological welfare and academic achievements. On the other hand there are those who raise concerns as to whether, accelerating stude nts does negatively affect them in some dimension. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of acceleration in relation to the educational setting, and to discuss the impact (both negative and positive) that acceleration has on the lives of students. I will discuss how and why students are identified as gifted and or talentedRead MoreEducating The Gifted Through Ability1669 Words   |  7 PagesEducating the Gifted Through Ability Grouping in Elementary Schools 1) What is Ability Grouping? How does it seek to further the educational needs of a diverse group of students in a classroom or a school? a) â€Å"Ability grouping refers to the grouping of students of the same ability or according to their demonstrated performance or readiness level† (Misset et al) (1) Using groups according to ability creates a homogenous environment for students to learn with others at a pace that matches the needsRead MoreMulticultural Competence Of School Psychologists1031 Words   |  5 PagesArrendondo, 2007). From research, ethics, and practice standards, school psychologists and other school personnel have been aware that an effective school professional is multiculturally competent and able to make sense of students’ sociocultural, socioracial, and sociopolitical backgrounds that present themselves within a classroom setting. Multiculturally competent professionals are informed as to which environmental, academic, and community factors combine to support all students’ learning and developmentRead MoreThe Future Of Special Education1624 Words   |  7 Pagesare seeing an increase in students with IEP’s and 504 plans. The rise in students with special needs and accommodations creates an interesting challenge for teachers today. T eachers strive on a daily basis to create a fair and appropriate education for all students in their classroom. However, with the need for increasing accommodations, how do we best meet these needs for all students? When we think of a typical classroom, we picture a classroom full of 20-25 students working together with theirRead MoreThe Inclusive Practice During Childhood Education Context And Important For The Special Educational Needs Of The Gifted Children2001 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will focus on the inclusive practice in relation to the early childhood education context and particularly to the special educational needs of the gifted children. This will also cover the policies/legislation, current research, national and international perspectives of inclusive practice in early childhood education. The complexities and practicalities of inclusion in terms of learning opportunities and experiences, environmental considerations and peer relationships would be critically

The Use Of Modern Plastic Surgery And Cosmetic Surgery

Introduction Throughout the twentieth century, the use of modern plastic surgery has evolved from a procedure used to provide treatment for disfiguring facial of the soldiers during WWI into a slave of modern beauty culture, more commonly known as â€Å"cosmetic surgery† (Gillies H, 1920). Although, the term â€Å"plastic surgery† and â€Å"cosmetic surgery† are used interchangeably, they are intrinsically different. On one hand, cosmetic surgery aims to enhance a patient’s appearance, which can be performed in all areas such as breasts, nose of body shape. Plastic surgery, on the other, aims to reconstruct facial and body defects such as burns, which are critical to their rehabilitation. (American Board of Cosmetic Surgery, 2016). Despite the optimistic view of such invention, some serious criticisms have been raised regarding the side effects of the patients undergoing a cosmetic surgery. Whilst both academics and publics have long debated on this matter, there is st ill a significant lack of literature which emphasizes specifically on young people despite the increasing figure of teenagers undergoing cosmetic surgery. For this reason, my research papers aim to focus specifically on the perspectives of international students’ in the UK on the procedure of cosmetic surgery. Literature Review Plastic surgery has been with humanity since Egyptian era, however, the origin of modern plastic surgery was first performed on injured soldiers in the United States during Word War I to provideShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery : Medical Medicine1236 Words   |  5 Pages Cosmetic Surgery Alexis Thomas AHS 128 – Health Sciences Intro Professor Sloan Midlands Technical College - Airport COSMETIC SURGERY 2 Abstract Over recent years, there has been a rising trend in the demand for cosmetic surgeries. These procedures are typically carried out to change, improve, or enhance ones appearance. Cosmetic surgery, also called plastic surgery dates backRead MoreEssay on History of Cosmetic Surgery1655 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Cosmetic/Plastic Surgery COM150 Plastic surgery is a medical specialty dealing with on the correction or restoring of external damage to the body. The word plastic comes from the Greek plastikos meaning to mold or to shape (Answers, 2010). Cosmetic surgery involves techniques to enhance the appearance through surgical and medical techniques. I will also investigate the most popular surgery procedures of the last couple years. Do you wonder how this type of surgery went fromRead MorePlastic Surgery1719 Words   |  7 Pages1 Contents 1 Thesis statement 1 2 Introduction 1 3 Plastic Surgery 5 3.1 Methods 1 3.2 Reasons 3 3.3 Reputation of Plastic surgery 3 3.4 Pro ´s and Con ´s 4 3.5 Safeness 4 4 Discussion 7 2 Thesis statement â€Å"Plastic surgery does not always work† The following text deals with the plastic surgery. Whether plastic surgery always works is questionable. When people hear about plastic surgery, most of them tend to connect it with Hollywood. At the present time it is no longer surprisingRead MoreEssay on Plastic Surgery In South Korea1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe South Korean’s seeming fascination with cosmetic surgery is frequently reported on both in Asia and the West, largely for its recounted abnormal use rate by both women and men. Though there is a deficiency in dependable data regarding the amounts of individuals who select to endure cosmetic surgery in South Korea, the statistics are substantial. The estimations range from 15 to 30 percent of all South Koreans have endured some method of plastic surgery, the statistics pertaining to certain ageRead MoreThe Media Images Of Beauty1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe modern beauty standard has become an increasingly important issue because people have the freedom to decide, but the media largely influenced these choices on about beauty standard. Our advance of technology helps communicate with each other, but people are not fully aware of the influence of media. That is a major problem. The media broadcast images of beauty to control people consciously. Technological advance helps people to reach the information quickly and cumulatively, but media not alwaysRead MoreThe Effects Of Plastic Surgery1389 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery in today’s medical world Plastic surgery can be defined as the specialty in the medical field that involves the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. Plastic surgery can be separated into two groups: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. The thesis of this essay is to examine these two types of surgery and to examine the effect that it has on today’s medical world, and what causes people to seek plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacialRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Marriage Of Plastic Surgery And Social Media Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages Mills, D. C. (n.d.). The Marriage of Plastic Surgery and Social Media: A Relationship to Last a Lifetime. Retrieved April 09, 2016, from http://uh7qf6fd4h.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.comrft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journalrft.genre=articlerft.atitle=The Marriage of Plastic Surgery and Social Media: A Relationship to Last a Lifetimerft.jtitle=Aesthetic Surgery Journalrft.au=Camp, Steven Mrft.au=MillsRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 Pages While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, it has only recently become accepted by the masses. Television programs that promote plastic surgery – â€Å"I Want a Famous Face† on MTV, â€Å"The Swan† on Fox, â€Å"Extreme Makeover† on ABC, â€Å"Nip/ Tuck† on FX, and â€Å"Dr. 90210† on E – expose the public to a business once kept under wraps. Reality television embraces the topic due to its shock  ­value – however, the public is becoming more and more accustomed to the idea of plastic surgery. NotRead MoreCosmetic Surgery on Teenagers Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages1. In the first two texts there are numerous views concerning adolescent cosmetic surgery. Among these views are, for example, Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Research Center for Women and Families, whom are mentioned in both texts. As she is quoted in the second text , Seeking Self-Esteem Through Surgery, an article by Camille Sweeney, posted on New York Times website, January 15 anno 2009, â€Å"They may not be any happier with their new look, then what?†. Said quote depicts quite wellRead MoreFocus On Face And Fat Revealed In New Plastic Surgery Case Study835 Words   |  4 PagesFocus on Face and Fat Revealed In New Plastic Surgery Statistics More Patients Using Their Own Fat to Sculpt A new study by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons shows that Americans want their face and bodies to look as good as possible as revealed in their annual stats on plastic surgery procedures which show an increase of 3% in cosmetic procedures over the previous year. ASPS statists show there were 17.1 million minimally-invasive and surgical cosmetic procedures carried out in the U.S in

Adult Learning in its Different Form for SDL- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAdult Learning in its Different Form for SDL. Answer: The following essay is going to discuss the basic factors of adult education by illustrating the fact that the digital learning method in adult education is more powerful a factor than the conventional one. This critical essay mainly consists of different modes of learning specifically related to adult education. There is also a debate regarding the traditional modes of learning and the digital way of learning. Self directed learning (SDL) is a notion which put emphasis on learning and practice of adult education (Brockett Hiemstra , 1991). SDL is not considered as the cognitive mode of learning but it is regarded as the only extraneous way of learning. According to Garrison (1997), SDL is structure which is inclusive of circumstantial management, emotional factors and other inspirational factors related to education. Garrison (1997), also opines that self-management is about managing issues, which embodies the motives of learning and the supervision of learning resources and its aid. It can be said that managing the work occurs only by keeping parity in efficiency, interconnection and assets. Proficiency denotes the efficiencies and accomplishment of the student and the teacher. Asset in education denotes aid and help, which is there in the educational field. Interdependence shows the elementary or the subject rules and specification of the learners sincerity and wish. Self-management in education involves an alliance of experience between educator and the student. The role of the teacher is to maintain a righteous persistent of outwardly coordination required for achieving success in educational purposes. Another factor in SDL model is self-regulation. It is about cognitive and met cognitive methods, which mainly deals with the mode of learning and it also regarding the knowledge and capacity to think about the thinking process. In this type of learning the focus is on how the student is developing new things based on the things learned previously The SDL focuses on the self-governed learner who takes their liability in forming learning significant and essential (Garrison, 1997). This type of learners is very much keen to know about new matter, consider any difficult things as new challenges, they also want transformation in learning and they are very happy and joyful about it (Temple Rodero, 1995). Concept- Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) program is regarding the self-directed learners who have the strength to search for one information in different other texts and use different approaches for fulfilling the target and they express their words in different expressions such as painting (Guthrie et al., 1996). So finally, it can be said that the independent learners take the accountability for development of personal significance, they give continuous effort in learning things, they are also successful in achieving cognitive aims and they can be considered as high achievers (Garrison, 1997). It can be said that different survey has shown a specific connection between SDL and academic success in a conventional classroom setting (Darmayanti, 1994), non-web related distance learning infrastructure (Hsu Shiue, 2005), and also internet based distant learning system (Haron, 2003) and finally a distant education system . Other studies have reported that SDL has connection with nursing (Savoie, 1979), social and political sciences (Anderson, 1993), business (Morris, 1995), business, communication, public administration, and hospitality management (Ogazon, 1995), and biology (Haggerty, 2000). It is about enhancing the learners control by self-regulation brings with it the liabilities related to the learning ways and the development of meaning. The main beneficial thing in SDL is that it makes the learner self-sufficient to learn about things and it also motivates to create new modes of learning (Garrison, 1997). At the end, it can be said that the analyses of the present study reveals a strong connection between the SDL and academic achievements. However, this type of infrastructure reveals the self-dependency and inspirational aspects in learning processes (Pintrich DeGroot, 1990). Thus, the learners themselves have the capacity to formulate new ideas and new ways of expressing those thoughts. On the contrary, there is a high risk of denudation of the interaction procedure, as the digital learning process tends to create a self-centred way of gathering knowledge and comprehending the problem. This has to be checked whether the learners are enjoying the privilege of interacting with the educators. If one has to be victorious in academics then one has to follow a structure and the prime thing need for achieving success is inspiration. Some of the students in school come with a high motivation attitude but some are not interested in it. Protheroe (2004), says that the students who are very unwilling to study somehow donot complete their works properly, there is no daring attitude among them and their aim is only to get through the examination. Sometimes they triumph in their schoolwork but they are not bothered about their achievements at all. There is another prime feature among this student is that what they think about themselves. Sometimes it happens that if they repeatedly hear bad or negative things about their work in school then automatically their self- confidence is lowered down, they lost their self-respect among the peers and finally they do not get any motivation about studying and coming to school. According to Ryan and Cooper (2007), motivation is a emotional and psychological satiety which one receives as a reward after doing any positive thing. It is sense of fulfilment for doing ones own work. It can be analysed that a reluctant student gets inspired in a classroom or not it highly depends on the teachers. This is because the educators instead of inspiring and taking care of the reluctant students they punish, threats or behave them with a very strict attitude with them. Therefore, teachers must remember the fact that doing these types of things will not uplift the self-esteem of the learners. The main aim of the teachers is to enhance the students freedom and his or her eager in studying. Although some unrealistic words are used to motivate the reluctant students but the teachers always have to keep in mind about the greater prospect of the student. It can said that in teaching or learning, everyone is benefited from guidance. Reluctant students sometimes persists between their desire to seek praise from others and faced hurdles for higher expectations. Students are capable of attaining self-confidence when they have some say in the classroom and its activities. However, they lose their self-confidence when teacher strictly compels them to follow the rules and regulation and curriculum of the education. However, if the learners are given independence then their cognitive ability increases, eager in doing difficult tasks and consistent in work develops ( Deci Ryan, 1987). Increase Students Participation in Classroom Activities. Many students and learners, who are introvert, shy and passive in nature do not interact in the classrooms. Students who are unable to clear examinations repeatedly often refused to study according to the syllabus because they find no meaning while studying the syllabus. If the teachers behave very optimistically and gently with the students and motivate them to grow interest in work then obviously the student will find interest to study. In todays world, global economy is transforming at a quick space due to the increase in the rapidness of informational technology. Presently knowledge is not regarded as the so management of the solution to various questions of life but it is the effectual coordination of facts, which is amalgamated into a capital. The definition of learning has changed with the software platforms connecting the corporate training for the employees. It can be said that e-learning helps to develop software, which automatically replaces the old mode of learning. E learning has enabled the public education as a way of profit making and has made it expensive in the business of education. According to sociologist, Martin Trow this e-learning concept has distorted the roots of intellectual education. This e-learning process has made closer the connection between the public university and the business structure for achieving revenue from higher education. Some argues that people who studies science, business, foreign language, math and e learning is applicable. However, in humanities it is not possible because it also requires face-to-face learning. However, Stanley Fish one of the young scholars counter attack this viewpoint and opines humanities can be also studied in a new form with the help of e-learning. Carol Twigg of the National Center for Academic Transformations has calculated that most of the expense in college and universities are expenses of faculty. Here the questions come that about the spending this money for learning from the professional s where the information on websites are more updated. Wikipedia is the new knowledge house, which is revised or updated. Now the work assigned to humanities is to challenge and create different ways of production of knowledge. According to Schraw and Moshman (1995), there are three strategy metacognitive structures in adult learning such as the tactic theory, informal theory and formal theory. The specialists in academic field apply the formal theory when they execute the theoretical structures to develop new ideas (Schraw Moshman, 1995). Tactic theory exists when the adult learners get their cognitive abilities from the friends, the educators, and people of local culture. Informal theory is about the metacognitive abilities, which are learned from the surroundings, but the learners have a basic concept of thought regarding the metacognitive structure (Schraw Moshman, 1995). The adult learners are highly influenced by the environment of the workplace whereas the peers identify the learners intelligence and experience (Prewitt, 2003). Adult learners beginning their post secondary education are likely to have a gap in their academic development process. The adult learners besides of obtaining only theoretical knowledge acquire practical knowledge from the workplace. However, this knowledge help is helpful in daily lives but this is not sufficient in fulfilling the academic knowledge. Some questions emerge if there is a comparison between the academic field and the practical knowledge acquired in workplace whereas while attaining academic knowledge one will learn about citations whereas in practical learning one will learn about writing business memos. There are other factors of comparison between the two. Adult learners are mainly work and target oriented Knowles (1984), hence it is needed to structure of the collegiate learning will be in such a way that they find that the syllabus has a linked with the academic career. The adult learners by learning their their present learning preferences, adult learners can verify the new study methods taught in the developmental courses with their previous learning models. The new learning model must be of excellent quality so that it surpasses the skills learnt by practical learning. Reference Brabazon, T. (2015). Intervention Through Teacher Education. InEnabling University(pp. 77-95). Springer International Publishing. Brabazon, T. (2015).Enabling University: Impairment,(Dis) ability and Social Justice in Higher Education. Springer. Cari Kenner and Jason Weinerman. Adult Learning Theory: Application and non-traditional students. Journal of College Reading and Learning. 41 (2): 87-96. Lang, I. W. (2016). Internationalising Chinas Digital Media Literacy Education. InMedia Literacy Education in China(pp. 147-171). Springer Singapore. Mentor, D. (2016). EMxC3= emLearning Cultivating Connected Communities: Sustainable Workforce Talent Development. InHandbook of Research on Mobile Learning in Contemporary Classrooms(pp. 240-259). IGI Global. Mohanty, S. P. (2014). Globalization in Indian higher education: Rethinking on challenges and opportunities.International Journal of Peace, Education and Development,2(1), 33. Pepin, B., Gueudet, G., Trouche, L. (2013). Investigating textbooks as crucial interfaces between culture, policy and teacher curricular practice: two contrasted case studies in France and Norway.ZDM,45(5), 685-698. Sanacore, Joseph. (2008). Turning reluctant learners into inspired learners.The Clearing House,82(1),40-44Retrievedfromhttps://search.proquest.com/docview/196893799?accountid=16285 Seubsman, S. A., Kelly, M., Sleigh, A. (2013). The Sufficiency Economy and community sustainability in rural northeastern Thailand.Asian Culture and History,5(2), 57. Wang, L., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Hao, H., Chen, L., Su, T., ... He, L. (2016). A model of health education and management for osteoporosis prevention.Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine,12(6), 3797-3805. Wang, M., Tan, S. C., Liang, J. C., Zhang, H. (2014). Editorial: Technology for higher education, adult learning and professional development. Yuen, A. H. (2015). The Changing Face of Educational Technology: New Media, Knowledge Practices, and Multiliteracies. InNew Media, Knowledge Practices and Multiliteracies(pp. 3-9). Springer Singapore.

Stephen Crane Essays (1096 words) - Stephen Crane, The Open Boat

Stephen Crane Paper based on Stephen Crane's works How do we grow up through the hardships of live? What can a stressful environment bring out in human? And how do you perceive a society between the reality and the myth? As a naturalism and realism writer, Stephen Crane creates vivid characters in his stories. We might find answers of these questions from Crane's three representative works, "The Red Badge of Courage", "The Open Boat" and "The Blue Hotel". Adolescence brings about many changes as a youth becomes an adult. For many people this passage is either tedious or painful, or simple and barely noticeable. In "The Red Badge of Courage", the character Henry Fleming survives the Civil War, which serves as his rite of passage as it teaches him the importance of things such as dreams, companionship, individualism, dignity and, of course, courage. At first, Henry is determined and eager to fight in war, which is his dream and goal. From all the tales told by others of fighting and glory, he can not help but idolize the duty of the soldier and aspire to become the very same soldier. Unfortunately, his dreams are virtually shattered time again as the fight on in the battle. Eventually, Henry is faced with the ultimate enemy - himself. He begins to doubt his own self-confidence and wonders weather he will stay and fight or run then faced with death and war at the battlefields. "He experimented with many schemes, but threw them aside one by one as flimsy" (Crane, 65). Those "schemes" suggest the constant dilemma experienced by most adolescents, which would be conformity, peer pressure, and acceptance. Henry eventually flees from the scene, reexamines himself and his thoughts, and musters up the courage to return to the battlefield. This is part of growing up - facing your fears and giving it another shot. The death of John Conklin teaches Henry the importance of companionship and its limits, which play an important part in anyone's life as friends are one of life's greatest treasures. Towards the end of the story, Henry discards the expectations of his peers and declares his individuality and courage by seizing the flag from the dead color sergeant and waving it in front of the regiment. He risks being shot at - as he is an easy target - and thus displays his courage deep down within his soul. "He himself felt the daring spirit of a savage religion-mad?There were subtle flashings of joy within him that thus should be his mind" (Crane, 118). His reaching out for the flag proves to himself that he is just as brave and courageous as those soldiers those stories dazzles him as a boy. He is that very soldier. If the tribulation builds up Henry's courage, then it reveals human dignity in "The Open Boat". At numerous times during the story, an anonymous man will grieve and ponder over the idea that death is a great possibility for those in the boat. The reader never learns who the speaker is, which turn becomes an "everyman" issue. All are feeling this sense of hopelessness, or one man is speaking for everyone. Crane uses the quote "If I am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned?" as a tool to exhibit human dignity in the boat. For at least three times during the story, "everyman" despairs and cries out for this mercy. If the man on the boat did not admit their fears, we would think they were all courageous heroes. It is obvious they are merely human. The men in the boat have worked together as a team, almost as if they know they can only survive s a team. Like clockwork, they switch rowing shifts to let others sleep. They are considerate to each other and respectful. Yet, when it comes down to their personal feelings, isolation takes over. "If I am going to be drowned? why was I allowed to come thus far the contemplate sand and trees?" (Crane, 293). That statement emphasizes a certain part of our humanity that calls for complete mercy. It's almost as if the gods are taunting the men on the boat. Finally it comes the moment that they meet the land, all the man are in the water and try to swim to the shore. All are saved by the mercy that they pray for, except oiler Billy. At this point, Crane might hint that fate is inevitable, and no one can get away from his/her destiny. Everyone's

Funny Break up Quotes to Make You Feel Better

Funny Break up Quotes to Make You Feel Better Regardless of whether you have been through one or a dozen breakups, each one erodes your spirit. A breakup leaves you sapped. It affects your self-esteem, confidence, and relationships. Many heartbroken people are known to drown themselves into addiction: be it smoking, drugs, or even food. The emotional upheaval also causes physical disorders: insomnia, memory loss, weight gain, and digestive disorders. Different Ways to Heal While you shouldnt drown your grief in alcohol or drugs, you should take solace in spiritual talks, music, yoga, and dance. Take up activities that help release stress, and heal your soul. Read self-improvement books, inspirational quotes, or even funny quotes to shake off the gloom. Share your feelings with friends, without clinging on to the past. Most of all, avoid blaming yourself. Laughter Is the Best Medicine Humor helps cushion the fall after a bad breakup. Laughter releases the endorphins that are needed to counter depression. Humor also helps you reflect on the situation in a lighter vein. Many humorists have poked fun at breakups. Read this collection of funny breakup quotes. These quotes make light of the situation, poking harmless jokes. Some quotes mock at love and marriage. Let laughter play on your lips when you read these funny breakup quotes. Quotes Joan Crawford Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell. Mae West All discarded lovers should be given a second chance, but with somebody else. Steve Martin There is one thing I would break up over and that is if she caught me with another woman. I wouldnt stand for that. Johnny Carson The difference between a divorce and a legal separation is that a legal separation gives a husband time to hide his money. Paris Hilton Every woman should have four pets in her life. A mink in her closet, a jaguar in her garage, a tiger in her bed, and a jackass to pay for it all. Cyril Connolly The dread of loneliness is greater than the dread of bondage, so we get married. Victoria Holt Never regret. If its good, its wonderful. If its bad, its experience. Ogden Nash Love is a word that is constantly heard, Hate is a word that is not. Love, I am told, is more precious than gold. Love, I have read, is hot. But Hate is the verb that to me is superb, And Love but a drug on the mart. Any kiddie in school can Love like a fool, But Hating, my boy, is an Art. Marie Corelli I never married because there was no need. I have three pets at home, which answer the same purpose as a husband. I have a dog, which growls every morning, a parrot which swears all afternoon and a cat that comes home late at night. Bob Udkoff Hate is such a luxurious emotion, it can only be spent on one we love. Miss Piggy, The Muppet Show Is there a cure for a broken heart? Only time can heal your broken heart, just as time can heal his broken arms and legs.How can a woman be expected to be happy with a man who insists on treating her as if she were a perfectly normal human being. Cher The trouble with women is that they get all excited about nothing... and then marry him! Dave Barry The obvious and fair solution to the housework problem is to let men do the housework for, say, the next six thousand years, to even things up. The trouble is that over the years, men have developed an inflated notion of everything they do, so that before long they would turn housework into just as much a charade as business is now. They would hire secretaries and buy computers and fly off to housework conferences in Bermuda, but theyd never clean anything. Katherine Hepburn Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then. Rita Rudner The older theory was, marry an older man because theyre more mature. But the new theory is men dont mature. Marry a younger one. Mahatma Gandhi I first learned the concepts of non-violence in my marriage. Sir George Jessel Marriage is a mistake every man should make. Dennis Miller After 7 years of marriage, I am sure of two things. First, never wallpaper together and second, youll need two bathrooms... both for her. The rest is a mystery, but a mystery I love to be involved in. Queen Victoria When I think of a merry, happy, free girl, and look at the ailing, aching state a wife is generally doomed to, which you cant deny is the penalty of marriage. Andy Rooney For every stunning, smart, well-coiffed hot woman of forty plus, there is a balding, paunchy relic in yellow pants making a fool of himself with some 22-year-old waitress. Lizz Winstead I think... therefore, Im single. Steve Martin There is one thing I would break up over and that is if she caught me with another woman. I wouldnt stand for that. Jerry Seinfeld Breaking up is like knocking over a Coke machine. You cant do it in one push. You gotta rock it back and forth a few times, and then it goes over. John Imbergamo There are always a few before-Valentines Day breakups that allow people to cancel reservations. Katherine Mansfield If only one could tell true love from false love as one can tell mushrooms from toadstools. Mae West Live close, visit often.Marriage is a great institution, but Im not ready for an institution yet. Queen Elizabeth I of England I would rather be a beggar and single, than a queen and married. Marion Smith Can you imagine a world without men? No crime and lots of happy, fat women. Jane Austen It is always incomprehensible to men, that a woman should refuse an offer of marriage. Jean Harlow I like to wake up each morning feeling a new man. Gloria Steinem The surest way to be alone is to get married. Socrates By all means marry, if you get a good wife, youll be happy. If you get a bad one, youll become a philosopher.I guess the only way to stop divorce is to stop marriage. Dave Barry What women want: To be loved, to be listened to, to be desired, to be respected, to be needed, to be trusted, and sometimes, just to be held. What men want: Tickets to the World Series.

4 Reasons Your Resume Didnt Get You a Job Interview

4 Reasons Your Resume Didnt Get You a Job Interview You spent hours crafting what you thought was the perfect resume. You sent it out with your application- which also took hours of your life- and†¦ nothing. You never hear back from that company and you’re right back to where you started. Here are 4 reasons your resume might have ended up in the shredder.1. You fell prey to ATSMost companies that have an online application have what’s called an Applicant Tracker System (ATS), designed to weed out the majority of applicants. You probably have a less than 5% chance of getting an interview when you apply online like this. Learn how to bypass any ATS and land you that interview.2. You were too braggyYou miss-stepped on the fine tightrope between confident and over-confident, between perfect for the job and full-of-yourself. If you think this may have been the case with your resume, get an objective second opinion. You can always dial down the self-praise a few ticks.3. Your LinkedIn is out of dateLots of recruiters will actually compare your resume to your online profiles. If what they see doesn’t match, they’ll assume you’re being dishonest about something- in one forum or the other. Make sure to keep your LinkedIn profile updated side-by-side with your resume and this won’t be a problem.4. You didn’t include numbersYou didn’t put enough quantity into your qualities. Make sure when selling your accomplishments, you include a few facts and figures that the recruiter can take to the hiring manager to show you can deliver when it counts.Make one of these faux pas? Never fear. At least now you know. Fix these problems, then concentrate on making your resume good enough to convince a recruiter in six seconds or less. Then try and get it in front of actual humans, through new or existing connections.

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Essay - 10

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business - Essay Example When A promises to sell a mobile phone to B for $100 and B promises to buy it from A, the plain giving of a return- promise is already an acceptance. A Bilateral contract differs from the unilateral contract wherein the former is formed upon completed performance Related to bilateral contract is Quasi contract that is not actually a contract, but is applied by courts to unfinished business of bilateral contracts. It is an unbiased system used by the court to: â€Å"avoid unfairness by allowing the plaintiff A to sue to recover the value of the benefit he gave to the other party B.. To compensate for such unfairness, the law implies a promise by B to pay the reasonable value of the benefit which has been conferred on him by the A.†(Stevens, John, 2014) In order to take advantage of the quasi-contract system, plaintiff must show evidence that A actually rendered or expended property that benefitted the B and to allow B to retain the benefits without paying A is unfair. Unilateral contract is not commonly used. In this kind of contract, only one person is obligated to do something. A reward contract is a case in point wherein a person offers a reward to pay a sum of money in exchange for information for the return of something. In this case, the person who received the reward is not obligated to do something. Applying the quasi-contract theory on unilateral contracts, let us look at this situation wherein a doctor rendered medical help to an injured person in an emergency case. Under the quasi-contract theory, the court will imply a promise that the injured person will pay for the value of the medical treatment received.. Implied contracts. There are situations that the terms in the contract are implied and are done as a sign of goodwill. For instance, warranty on the workability, adaptability of the product are illustrations of implied

Photomedia in Modern and Contemporary Art Essay

Photomedia in Modern and Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "Photomedia in Modern and Contemporary Art" talks about the Photomedia in the context of Modern and Contemporary Art. In week 2 the articles analyzed were Laszlo’s Moholy-Nagy A New Instrument of Vision and Walter Benjamin’s the Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Moholy-Nagy’s text provides a broad theoretical overview of the unique qualities of the photographic art. The most notable element is the indication that photography is not simply the replication of reality, but rather assumes new artistic forms of expression. This argument is very sound in that instead of focusing on abstract notions of aesthetics, it indicates that photography largely demonstrates newly perceptions on space and reality. Walter Benjamin’s the Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction is a seminal work of art criticism and contains a number of important points. One of the most pervasive considerations is Benjamin’s contention that are in th e current milieu has lost a sense of mystique of mysticism because of mass production methods. Benjamin’s insights make considerable sense especially when considered in light of contemporary Internet or new media art forms where the very medium is transitory. While Benjamin links this insight to the need to reimagine the political context of the art object, it is perhaps more contemporary relevant in the perspective it provides on the larger structural interpretations of the art object. In these regards, one considers that art functions. not just as a plane of understanding where one judges its aesthetic qualities, but that the nature of ‘aesthetic qualities’ is also a shifting significatory pattern. Week 3 While previous readings have considered the nature of photography as an art form and the extent that the subject content bespeaks to an aesthetic form, the Photographic Conditions of Surrealism examines the nature of framing and other elements that contribute to the artistry of the photograph. In examining two pictures, the author states, â€Å"In both cases one is treated to the capture of the photographic subject by the frame, and in both, this capture has a sexual import† (‘Photographic Conditions of Surrealism,’ p.89). Even as a slight argument could be made for the sexual implications of the photographic framing techniques implemented, it seems that in large part the author has overreached in his assessment as a means of hyperbole. Still, the insight that photographic framing affects the perceptions of the specific aesthetic elements of the photograph remains a

Assessment History Essay Example for Free

Assessment History Essay Then and Now: History of Assessments Used in Special Education In today’s world students are being diagnosed every day for multiple disorders. Over the history of special education both standardized (formal) and curriculum based (informal) assessments have been created and implemented to help make sure that students are receiving the proper support to help them meet their educational goals. Assessments within special education are implemented to determine a student’s strengths as well as pinpoint areas where they may need extra support and guidance. (Pierangelo Giuliani, 2007) The results of the assessments given to students will be used to decide if the student qualifies for special education services. The assessments used in the United States have developed in conjunction with special education services, to what we know and use today. This paper will outline the history of assessments administered in the United States, discuss how today’s application of assessment differs, and how these changes have impacted special education as a whole. History of Assessments The history of special education has evolved greatly over the years. Prior to the 1970’s there were very few individuals with special needs being served within the public school system. There were two federal laws passed in 1975 that would aid in the process of children enrolling in the public schools. The first law was Education for All Handicapped Children (EHA), this law requires that children of all ability levels receive the right to public education. The second law that played a key role in providing students with disabilities appropriate education is the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). The IDEA not only requires students with disabilities access to public education but that the school district provides personalized services (special education) for individuals who qualify. (Special Education News, 2013) The laws and legislative acts passed advocate for these students, making sure they receive free and appropriate education. As special education evolved over the years so did many of the tools used to assess students with special needs. Although â€Å"Interest in intelligence dates back thousands of years, it wasnt until [the early 1900’s that] psychologist. Alfred Binet was commissioned to identify students who needed educational assistance, that the first IQ test was born. † (Cherry, 2013). This type of assessment was a standardized test that measured the individual in areas such as their: skills, character traits, attitudes, knowledge, and educational measurement. As the special education field grew, the use of the Simon-Binet method spread quickly across the Western world. (Reschly, 2002). â€Å"Historically, educational assessment in the United States has been dominated by psychometric assumptions and approaches,† such as the Simon-Binet Scale. (McLaughlin Rouse, 2000). However, as time as the years have gone by the assessments and protocols used for special education have adapted and evolved. Today’s Assessment / Impact of changes In today’s world there are a variety of assessments and tools to choose from when working with and identifying students with special needs. These assessments fall under two categories, the first being standardized assessments, and the second being curriculum based assessments. The Binet scale, now known has the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale has been adapted since it was introduced to educators in 1905, and is one of the many standardized assessment tools still used today. Although standardized tests are a great starting point for diagnosing students with special needs it should not be the sole contributor to the diagnosis of a student. Two main concerns when using a standardized test such as the Stanford-Binet scale are that it is culturally unfair and testing conditions and interpretation of test results influence how the student will do on the assessment. Often the standardized tests that are implemented within the school district have been created in the UK or the United States and are mainly designed to be used among white, middle-class children. Therefor if this test is used for any child outside of the specific target group it will be unfair and could lead to the misdiagnosis of students who need special education services. (Newton, 2009) â€Å"For example, if a student with limited English proficiency were assessed using an IQ measure where the directions are given in English, this students performance would likely be compromised based upon limited understanding of the instructions, resulting in a significant underestimate of the students true intelligence. † (GCU, 2013) It is  extremely important for educators to properly assess the students and to make sure we work with them in their areas of struggle prior to labeling them as needing special education. Since every assessment has its pros and cons it is a teachers responsibility to become familiar with their students and know what assessment would best fit their needs. Since there can be some limitations with standardized tests educators may want to explore various curriculum based assessments to aid in the process of identifying these students. One common curriculum based assessments that is used today is the Response to Intervention (RTI). RTI is a type of educational intervention that is implemented to provide students who are having difficulties extra assistance prior to referring them to a special education program. This informal assessment tool is a multi-level prevention system that helps students succeeds in their education. Teachers will follow RTI by monitoring the students’ progress on a regular basis, implementing evidence-based interventions of varying intensities depending on how the student is responding. (NCRTI, 2010). Curriculum based assessments such as RTI have many benefits to students and Educators. Educators today may choose to use these types of assessments because it allows them to be proactive about the problem at hand, they are easy to implement into a classroom routine, if interventions are successful the child will be brought back up to grade level without needing special education services. (Wilmshurst Brue, 2013) Conclusion The assessments and protocols developed throughout the history of special education have evolved and implemented to benefit the students, as well as special education as a whole. Each assessment and intervention has been created to aid educators in the process of serving their students to the best of their abilities. School systems went from using one assessment tool to identify and work with students with disabilities to having a vast selection to choose from. Both formal and informal assessment tools used by educators in today’s society aid in the process of diagnosing and helping students who qualify for special education services. Although, there are some assessment tools that may be better than others, each one will have their pros and cons. Educators can create and use assessment tools that reflect what we know about the student and their learning abilities. The educators and their school districts â€Å"can do so by building on what we have learned during the past decade, and ensuring that the process and outcomes of their approach to alternate assessment are transparent and subject to review, stand up to both technical and ethical scrutiny, push practices and outcomes in the expected and desired directions, and can be improved through data-based oversight over time. † (Quenemoen, 2008). Educators will have to use the best judgment and knowledge to decide what assessment(s) will best work for them. Whether educators use one assessment or a variety of assessments, the main objective is to give the student the best chance to succeed in their education and assist them in becoming functioning members of our their community. References Cherry, K. (2013). History of Intelligence Testing. Retrieved from: http://psychology. about. com/od/psychologicaltesting/a/int-history. htm Grand Canyon University. (2013). Types of Evaluation. Received from: www. my. gcu. edu McLaughlin, M. Rouse, M. (2000). Special Education and School Reform in the United States and Britain. New York, NY: Routledge. Newton, C. (2009). Problems with IQ and Psychometric Assessment. Retrieved from: www. inclusive-solutions. com/word/IQ_Problems_Jan. doc? NCRTI. (2010). Essential Components of RTI. Retrieved from: http://www. rti4success. org/ Pierangelo, R. Giuliani, G. (2007). Understanding Assessment in the Special Education Process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Quenemoen, R. (2008). A brief history of alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards (Synthesis Report 68). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, National Center on Educational Outcomes. Retrieved from: http://www. cehd. umn. edu/NCEO/onlinepubs/Synthesis68/Synthesis68. pdf Reschly, J. D. (2002). Change Dynamics in Special Education Assessment: Historical and Contemporary Patterns. Peabody Journal of Education, V77 n2 p117-36. Retrieved from: http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/10/ The History of Special Education in the United States. (2013). Special Education News. Retrieved from: http://www. specialednews. com/the-history-of-special-education-in-the- united-states. htm Wilmshurst, L. Brue, W. A. (2013). Advantages of Response to Intervention. Retrieved from: http://www. education. com/reference/article/advantages-rti/

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay -- Jean Jacques Rousseau Biographies Essay

Jean-Jacques Rousseau   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† (Josephson 9) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28, 1712. He became the son of Isaac Rousseau, a plebian class watchmaker, and Suzanne Bernard, the daughter of a minister who died shortly after giving birth to him. Rousseau’s baptism ceremony was a traditional one held at St. Peter’s Cathedral on July 4, 1712 by the reverend senebies. He had an elder brother who had a â€Å"loose character†, but Rousseau loved him anyway. At an early age, Rousseau found a love for reading. His mother had an inheritance of some money and many romantic books and novels, so those are the first that he read. He and his father would read for so many hours sometimes they would read continuously through the night and on into the next day. His father had a recklessly violent temper, and after a minor infraction with a police officer, fled from Geneva to Canten Vaud in Myon, which is 12 miles from Geneva, and there he continued his profession. Rousseau was ten years old. He was then sent to live with his maternal uncle Bernard, a military engineer in the service of the city-state, and aunt Madame Goncerut, who instilled in him a great passion for music. Deprived of parental love and affection, Rousseau’s childhood was miserable. He was sent, along with his younger cousin, to be tutored by a Protestant preacher at Bossey, about four miles away at the base of Mont Salà ¨ve. Rousseau loved living in a pleasant land of valleys and hills, and so found the love of nature. It was also at Bossey where Rousseau established a gruesome affection for the pastor’s daughter, who was thirty years old. Two years passed before uncle Bernard withdrew the two boys because they were wrongly accused and beaten for some petty fact. They were then taken back to his aunt and uncle’s home at the Grande Rue in Geneva. The boys were not placed back in regular school, but were taught mathematics and drawing by uncle Bernard. They spoke of making him a pastor, but they did not have enough money to send him, so Rousseau was placed as a notary to his uncle who was a lawyer who thought Rousseau was unqualified and sent him back. He was next placed as an engraver in April 1725. His master was also a violent man like his father who fed Rousseau poorly and often treated him harshly. T... ...Catholic and with 20 francs in hand. Jean Jacques Rousseau†¦George R. Havens Rousseau had only one brother, â€Å"on whom the spirit of the father came down in ample measure, just as the sensibility of the mother decended upon jean-jacques.† He was a rebellious boy and finally ran away to Germany, never to be seen again, so Rousseau was basically an only child. Rousseau†¦..John Morely The details of his childhoos are important because they helped him form the educational theories that are still up to date in our modern world, and also because they give some clues about why he acted the way he did in his later years. Rousseau’s parents were very loyal and devoted to one another ever since the young age of eight. For almost thirteen years, Jean-Jacques father was inconsolable. According to his Confessions, his father said he say his wife in Jean-Jacques. But what Jean-Jacques did not understand is why his father did not realize that it was he who took her from him. Jean-Jacques Rousseau†¦.C.H. Dobinson â€Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† Parents married on june 2, 1704. First son, Francois born in 1705. Jean-Jacques Rousseau- Josephson

Ginsters Report

GINSTERS Table of Contents Introduction and Background Ginsters is the main brand of the Samworth Brothers, a privately owned family business active in various food sectors. Its product range includes pasties, savouries, pies, wraps and sandwiches. Ginsters is based in Callington, Cornwall. The brand has been building its credentials as authentically Cornish and a local product with local ingredients. More recently it’s also trying to associate its brand with the image of fresh and quality ingredients. This is reflected on packaging, advertising and new product development (Ginsters Official website, 2010). The task at hand is to discover the Critical Success Factors for Ginsters, therefore analytical tools and frameworks were used such as SWOT, STP and the Marketing mix analysis. The external and competitive environment were also analyzed. The first section includes the critical evaluation of Ginsters’ CSFs, while the second section is concerned with developing recommendations for a three-year strategy for the firm. 1. Ginsters’ Critical Success Factors 1. 1 CSFs According to Rockart and Bullen (1981), Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are the limited number of ways and the factors that are fundamental for the continual successful performance of a company. The identification of CSFs is important because it allows organizations to focus their efforts on building their capabilities to support their CSFs. On the other hand, it may even allow firms to assess whether they have the capabilities to develop the necessary requirements to meet CSFs. Daniel (1961) was the first to introduce the concept of CSF. The concept was then used to assist in defining the CEO’s information needs that are most critical for a business (Rockart, 1979) (Zwikael and Globersonz, 2006). The CSFs method is straight-forward, however it has a complexity as it can be viewed from several perspectives. Geller (1985) points out that CSFs can be generic to a given combination of conditions in the industry, market and external environment. They can also be context specific in terms of the organization. Furthermore, Rockart and Bullen presented five key sources of CSFs, the industry, competitive strategy and industry position, environmental factors, temporal factors, and managerial position. It is also important to note that CSFs can be monitored or measured to ensure they are still important and valid as they can change over time (Brothererton, 2004). 1. 2- Human resources development The first CSF for Ginsters is its ability to develop human resources. Embedded in its strategy is the recognition that people are important assets of the organization (Ginsters Official Website, 2010). This is evident as it achieved the status of top-service supplier to UK supermarket giant Sainsbury’s. Ginsters came up with a way of enhancing the efficiency and productivity of its workforce. It designed and implemented a unique branded management-development program, which it dubbed ‘‘Platinum’’ (Politt, 2006). This cut staff turnover to half, mitigated absenteeism, increased staff stability, reduced production-line down time building on improved relationships between engineering and production, and succeeded in offering higher services to its supermarket customers, following the introduction of a new training course (Politt, 2006). . 3 Brand Image and Advertising A full STP analysis conducted for Ginsters (see Appendix) has derived important conclusions on Ginsters success factors. The decision to produce and distribute products solely in the United Kingdom has ultimately been positive and successful for the company, as it has increased its UK cus tomer base. In 2009, Ginsters spent over 1 million pounds on advertising, which has generated considerable attention for the company (Mintel Report, 2010). Ginsters has consistently used advertising and it leads the pack in the pies and pastries category of the market (Mintel Report, 2010). This is important and is evident through its great brand reputation along with goods that represent quality and trustworthiness. Ginsters has always promoted its Cornish heritage, emphasizing the importance it gives to local sourcing and the use of 100% British ingredients. The brand has also evolved immensely. Ginsters marketing scheme has developed to highlight the importance of quality ingredients that are put in the pasties. This is of critical importance because consumers are confident that Ginsters products will deliver on quality and taste. Understandably, the pie and pastry industry is highly competitive with Ginsters competitors being able to produce virtually all the products that Ginsters is able to produce. That being said, Ginsters success lies in its convenience and impulse sector largely due to sales of chilled savoury pastry. In fact, Ginsters has been recognized as the number one ‘food on the go’ brand in the last four years (Doonar, 2004). 1. 4 Fragmentation of mealtimes and rise of chilled food industry & The ability to target and reach segments of market These are two important and correlated success factors for Ginsters. The chilled and prepared foods market has evolved in the past 10 years and has become a very dynamic area of the food market. This is largely due to the trend in consumer behaviour where lifestyles are influencing mealtime. This has made mealtimes more fragmented, informal and less important. This environmental social change has resulted in suppliers and retailers placing more emphasis on the chilled cabinet. Moreover demand for chilled foods has soared. This is a type of environmental CSF is one in which the firm has no control over. However, looking at Ginsters reaction to this environmental change is also a strategic critical success factor. Ginsters understood the impact of these changes on consumer purchasing behaviour and they adapted their products to meet this demand. This becomes clear in their ability to target the largest group that conforms to this environmental change, which are young people and business professional, and reaching their target by presenting their products in the right locations such as petrol station, convenience stores and university union shops (Keynotes food industry report, 2010). Ginsters has also benefited from getting the right product mix to serve their target market as the SWOT analysis shows that its products are location independent, convenient, deeply filled, easy to eat and not unhealthy (Mintel Report, 2010). 1. 5 value chain Another critical success factor of Ginsters has been the way it incorporated its value chain. In terms of inbound logistics, Ginsters has chosen a direct channel approach that is characterized by low proximity. The place of Ginsters manufacturing facility is within a 20 mile radius of the raw material providers. It forms a vertical marketing system (VMS) and more specifically an administered VMS. This type of cooperation helps Ginsters have a great degree of control. The system provides 35% of the total raw materials and the target is to reach 50% (Hunt, 2005). Furthermore, concerning operations, increased investments in production technology by introducing automation systems with quality control, ensured the end-quality of the products and also decreased costs (Growth at Ginsters, 2004; Drives cut pastry production costs, 2009; Keeping an eye on the Pie, 2002; Accurate pack coding easy as a pie, 2005). Outbound logistics have also been a subject of focus for the company with a fleet of vans that place emphasis on delivering to 10000 companies during the peak hours (Brooks. 2004). A company-owned distribution system makes it possible to plan and incorporate delivering objectives, as relying on others would have made that difficult. Recommendations for three year strategy The UK has been one of the major economies that are still in recession. Due to the economic crunch, businesses are facing grave troubles to cope with their existing businesses and are trying to raise capital for investment into new businesses. Therefore, Ginsters should focus on improving its existing capacity and making better use of its factors of production. This can be achieved by reducing its working capital, increasing inventory turnover and implementing employee learning and performance improvement training programs similar to the platinum program undertaken 4 years ago (refer to 1. 2). However, the company must establish some long term objectives as there are signs of recovery for the UK economy in the years to come. The Bank of England estimates that the economy will get back on track by 2011 and the HM Treasury has published independent forecasts predicting that by the same year the GDP growth will be a mean 2%. It should plan for the development of smaller markets and target market segments which although less in size, have excellent expected growth rate. Ginsters is targeting youth and working people, but without offering Halal foods as compared to their competitor Pukka pies. According to The Times UK, Muslim population has been increasing 10 times faster than the rest of the communities in the United Kingdom. It has grown by 0. 5 million and reached 2. 4 million in four years from 2004 to 2008 and expected to grow at the same pace as revealed by office of national statistics. Therefore, Ginsters should adopt a market development strategy to target the Muslim community in the UK. It can incorporate this strategy by introducing it into the heavily populated Muslim areas. Ginsters has been spending a lot money on advertisements and has been successful in conveying the positive image of the company to the people. Its latest TV brand shows that it puts quality ingredients in its products, but it does not convey the clear message that its food is more healthy. According to the survey conducted by Mintel, 16 % of people think that Ginsters food is unhealthy as compared to its competitor Pork Farms which was marked unhealthy by only 12 % of them (Mintel, 2010). The reason for this misconception may have arisen from its marketing slogan, ‘Real Honest Food’. This portrays that Ginsters products are of quality and authentic, however fails to demonstrate that it has taken healthy eating into consideration. Therefore, the firm should seriously plan for new advertisements and promotions that give a more clear picture of Ginsters as a healthy food manufacturer. To convey the idea of healthy foods, the company should take advantage of the ongoing and upcoming events that represent Ginsters target market and could be helpful in promoting its message. It is recommended that Ginsters should become an official sponsor of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. It can make new and innovative advertisements in the Olympic Games that can help produce a healthier image. Sponsorship will also enable the firm to increase the awareness of its products and influence consumer behaviour patterns thereby leading to increased sales. It will also help to enhance the brand image in target groups’ minds and develop a disposition to change behaviour towards buying the promoted brand, thereby leading to improved revenues (Smolianov et al,1999). Ginsters support of a major international event will help in conveying its message to billions of people more accurately and positively. It costs nearly 10 million pounds to become a three tier sponsor. Ginsters had pre-tax profits of 45. 2 million in 2009 and paid dividends amounting to 16. 2 million, up from 14 million in 2008 (Bloomberg Database, 2010). Assuming a stable dividends growth, there is the potential for worldwide promotion and brand recognition. Instead of paying dividends out, it should deposit them with a bank or place them in investment grade securities in order to grow at an amount sufficient enough to secure a place in the top sponsors of the Olympic Games. TV advertising during the Olympics will also increase brand awareness among live audiences who watch TV broadcasts, which will ultimately pave the way to Ginsters going global. In 2008, a record breaking 70 million viewers tuned to NBC to watch the opening ceremony, not mentioning the other international broadcast stations (The Washington Post, 2010). The cost for a 30 second spot is expected to reach the 400. 000 USD level, signifying the importance of the particular event. In Ginsters case, the advertising strategy should include all forms of digital and physical advertising (television, radio, press, online, billboard, in-store etc. . In late 2009 Ginsters decided to redefine its brand image and target a broader market segment. It tried to appeal more to mothers and fathers while dropping its image as simply a snack. To continue to accomplish this, a massive advertising campaign is desperately needed. Along these lines, the company should negotiate a deal with BBC1 and ITV1 to spo nsor the most popular programs in UK television. Programs that aim to captivate the interest of thousands of British families, which comprises the new target group for Ginsters. Such programs would include â€Å"Eastenders†, one of the most watched and long running soap operas, â€Å"Coronation Street†, the longest running drama series in the world still to be in production and â€Å"X Factor† a singing competition with over 13 million viewers each week (Broadcaster’s Audience Research Board, 2010). Appendix STP Analysis: | Ginster’s| Pukka Pies| Segmentation| Products are sold exclusively in the United Kingdom highlighting the fact that Ginsters is a domestic company. Products are grouped towards the younger population of both sexes due its convenience. The family appeal is one in which Ginsters strives to achieve as they portray a family environment in their advertising. Socio-economic class is not of vital importance with Ginsters as they want to cater to the complete market. The upper class can rely on a quality product while the lower class can rest assured that the product is competitively priced. | Products are sold all across Europe. Countries include Austria, Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and the United KingdomProducts are grouped for people of all characteristics, specifically the middle-class family. With a wide variety of products including frozen and chilled pastries, it is important for Pukka Pies to capture the full European market, rather than segment. | Targeting| Products are targeted towards the young students as evident in their separate online education portal and their collaboration with different colleges and universities. Also, they are actively involved in surfing, football, and music festivals which appeal to young generation. They targeted the meat eating and non-Islamic sector as they do not have a Halal pastry| Products are targeted towards outgoing events to garner considerable public interest. Examples include the Pukka Pies England band as well as major sponsorships to major sporting events. | Positioning| The pie and pastry market is a competitive one in which each company does not differentiate it s positioning too much. Ginster’s remains unique and relevant amongst its United Kingdom customers by positioning its domestic appeal. Ginsters have strategized to provide quality food for a reasonable price. As compared to competitors, Ginster’s is ranked amongst the top for pricing. Quality is of utmost importance and therefore they position themselves to advertise quality and honesty of foods. Media advertising, over 1 million pounds in 2009, was largely concentrated on the target markets including students and mothers. This was done by adding more sandwiches to cater to women as well as advertisements at sporting and recreation events for students. | The differentiation by Pukka Pies is their international appeal. They strive, not solely to dominate a market, however to diversify themselves into different markets. Penetration strategies is their positioning technique as their products are available across Europe. | Marketing Mix Analysis Products: Ginsters has got a huge product line consisting of 58 types of pasties, slices, pork pies, hot pies, savories, sandwiches and wraps as compare to its competitors, pukka pies and pork farms. All Ginsters raw material comes from the farms and suppliers present in Cornwall. They have different specialize supplier who provides them with fresh and pure raw material. These farms and suppliers includes Hay farm, torpoint for vegetables, Bocaddon farm, Lanreah for Cornish soft cheese, Cornish orchards, duloe for apple juice to capture that authentic west country flavour, jaspers of treburley for beef and David stone creamery for fresh cheese. Ginsters official website, 2010) Ginsters focus on Chilled products whereas Pukka pies have variety of categories including frozen backed, chilled backed, frozen backed wrapped, frozen unbaked range, frozen pastry (Pukka pies official website, 2010) If we analyze Ginsters product line we find that they have 21 types of different sandwiches as compare to pies and pasties which are few in numbers (Ginsters official website, 2010). Whereas Pukka pies and pork farms have less variety than Ginsters. Pukka pies have some additional flavour of pies including kidney and potato and they also sell halal food (Pukka pies official website, 2010). Furthermore pork farms have bakes and scotch eggs (pork farms official website, 2010) Price: Ginsters product pricing is almost same as compare to Pukka pies and pork farms. For example steak pies from Ginsters and Pukka pies cost exactly 1 ? but in some cases Ginsters is expensive for example Ginsters pork pie is 1. 29 ? and Pork farms pork pie is 0. 91 ? (Tesco Official website, 2010). Therefore we can say that Ginsters have a comparable pricing strategy with most of its product line but with some of the market leading products they show skimming pricing strategy as well. Place: Ginsters only Target UK market. They follow wholesale sale strategy. They have distributors all over UK. They keep their products in big super markets like Tesco, Sainsbury etc. The major area where Pukka pies leaves Ginsters behind is its sale locations. Pukka pies are selling in Austria, Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Malta, Portugal, Spain and Tenerife other than UK. Pukka pies official website, 2010) Promotions: When it comes to promotions, Ginsters are spending a lot of revenue on advertisement and promotional activities like charity, supporting local teams etc. The differentiating part of Ginsters promotional activity includes collaboration with different universities including Plymouth University and community colleges at Callington, Launcest on, Tavistock and Saltash colleges and universities. Ginsters also have their online educational portal. This shows that they are targeting youngsters from schools, colleges and universities. For the new promotions Ginsters is focusing on introducing some fruit pies as well. Their promotional strategy seems to be product benefit advertisement strategy. As compare to Ginsters Pukka pies have a large variety of souvenirs including footballs, posters, cups, caps etc. They have an online portal where people can buy their souvenirs. As compare to both of them pork farms focus on introducing new packaging and actively conduct live shows with consumers to test their products and tells them of their products taste. Pork farms are teaming up with Peperami and Branston to launch a number of co-branded recipes. The new partnerships will see a Spicy Hit sausage roll with Peperami and two Pickle Hit sausage rolls – one with Branston Pickle and cheese and one with Branston Pickle and sausage meat – available from mid-March 2010. The company is also launching a Pork and Branston Pickle Pork Pie. (Ginsters official website, 2010; Pukka pies official website, 2010; Pork farms official website, 2010) SWOT Analysis: Strengths * Product variety in comparison to competitors places a strong emphasis on new product development to create innovative, exciting products to enhance its core product range. Ginsters launched mini pasties in Q2 2010 to tie in with the upcoming picnic season and the on-the-go snacking market. * Ganisters position in more than one market and covering them successfully due to their diverse products * Ginsters’ products have a number of characteristics that make them a highly popular lunchtime food firstly their products are location independent and can be eaten practically anywhere. Secondly their products are convenient and can be found in many locations. Furthermore their products are filling and positioned as big eats. Finally the products are easy to eat and are pre-packed. * Advertisement and promotion strategy Ginsters’ promotional activities have always highlighted its British provenance and local sourcing. Moreover their brand image Fresh and hygienic food which is and advantage in the current customer behaviour trends. * HRM program that allows for organisational learning * There supply chain is short therefore saves them money and increases quality * Manufacturing processes are fully automated speed up production and inspection and quality programs to be easy. Weaknesses The product range is not comprehensive and there are some niches they did not cater for, such as the vegetarian market the Halal and Kosher markets. * Ginsters operate only in the UK where competitors such as Pukka Pies operate internationally they are pies are selling in Austria, Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Malta, Portugal, Spain and Tenerife other than UK. * Although Gins ters are trying to convey that they are a healthy product. This message is not reaching other market segments, such as women and families. There image as a healthy product is not strong. Despite a high rate of new product development, the favourite lines continue to be the BLT, prawn mayonnaise, cheese and pickle, chicken salad and egg and cheese Opportunities * Increase emphasis on health awareness products. Interest in healthy eating will undoubtedly outlive the recession and there is scope to increase the number of functional products in many areas of the market. * Ginsters can explore minority market niches such as, vegetarians and Halal foods. This can be achieved by new product development. * Utilisation of production capabilities by exploring International markets, as competitors are present outside the local market. Despite the recession, sales of indulgence products such as desserts may also grow if suppliers can position the products as relatively inexpensive treats. Threa ts * One of the longer-term challenges that the pies and pasty category will face is whether consumers will stick to the category when the economy improves and they have more disposable income. Pies and pasties offer consumers a low cost meal that is convenient, but does not tick the healthy eating box and so requires manufacturers to find ways to reformulate their product ranges to make them healthier. When looking at the things that worry consumers the most, their financial situation and the economy supersedes any concerns they may have about their health, so while they face financial challenges, the health credentials of the food they are eating may be of less importance if it proves to be more cost efficient. * Ginsters needs to ensure that they maintain their above-the-line support of their brands to ensure they are top of mind when consumers are looking for a quick snack. The recession will strengthen the appeal of own-label products and consequently affect NPD and marketing, which will culminate in undermining value growth in the market. References Accurate pack coding easy as a pie (2005). Packaging Magazine, 8 (1), pp. 18-19. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed:10 November 2010) Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin (2007). 2nd Quarter, 47(2), pp. 317-329 Bloomberg Database (2010). Available at: http://www. bloomberg. com (Accessed: 6 November 2010) Broadcasters Audience Research Board (2010). Available at: http://www. arb. co. uk (Accessed: 8 November 2010) Brooks, Bob. (2004). â€Å"Cornish Convenience†, Food Manufacture, 79 (1), pp. 26-27. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Brothererton, B. (2004). â€Å"Critical Success Factors in the UK Corporate Hotels†, Sevice Industries Journal, Vol. 24 NO. 3, 2004, pp19-42. CHENG, E. W. L. and LI, H. (2001). â€Å"Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Approach to Determine Measures For Business Performance†, Mea suring Business Excellence, Vol. 5 No. 3, 2001, pp. 30-37. Daniel, R. H. , (1961). Management data crisis. Harvard Bus. Rev. , 1961, Sept–Oct, 111–112. Doonar, J. (2004). â€Å"Pasties and pastures new: Joanna Doonar interviews Mark Dudderidge, the managing director of Ginsters and discovers that society's preoccupation with obesity is not holding back the growth of the Cornish pasty company† Brand Strategy. EBSCO (Online). Available at http://www. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 01 November 2010) Drives cut pastry production costs (2009). Works Management, 62 (11), p. 29. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Ginsters official website (2010). Available at: http://www. ginsters. co. uk/ (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Growth at Ginsters (2004). Food Manufucture, 84 (2), p. 7 EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Hunt, Gail. (2005). â€Å"Local Champion†, Food Manufacture, 80 (2), p. 35. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Johnson, A. (2010). â€Å"Forecasts for the UK economy: a comparison of independent forecasts† HM Treasury, Issue 281. Keeping an Eye on the Pie (2002). Food Engineering ; Ingredients, 27 (4), p. 47. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at http://web. ebscohost. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Politt, D. (2006). â€Å"Golden Outcome of Ginsters Training† HRM International Digest, 14(1) Pork farms official website (2010). Available at: http://www. pork-farms. co. uk/index. html (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Pukka pies official website (2010). Available at: http://www. pukkapies. co. uk/ (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Rockart, J. and Bullen, C. , 1981. A primer on critical success factors. Center for Information Systems Research Working Paper No 69. Sloan School of Management, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts Rockart, F. R. ,(1979). Chief Executives define their own data needs. Harvard Bus. Rev. , 1979, 57(2), 238–241. SUN, H. and CHUNG, W. W. (2005). â€Å"Critical success factors for new product development in the Hong Kong toy industry†, Technovation, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 2005, pp. 293-303. Tesco official website (2010). Available at: http://www. tesco. com (Accessed: 10 November 2010) Zwikael. O. ; Globersonz, S. , (2006). â€Å"From Critical Success Factors to Critical Success Processes†, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 44 No. 17, 2006, pp. 343-3449.

Software Requirements Specification Template

Software Requirements Specification Template CptS 322—Software Engineering 9 February 2005 The following annotated template shall be used to complete the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) assignment of WSU-TC CptS 322. The instructor must approve any modifications to the overall structure of this document. Template Usage: Text contained within angle brackets (‘’) shall be replaced by your project-specific information and/or details.For example, will be replaced with either ‘Smart Home’ or ‘Sensor Network’. Italicized text is included to briefly annotate the purpose of each section within this template. This text should not appear in the final version of your submitted SRS. This cover page is not a part of the final template and should be removed before your SRS is submitted. Acknowledgements: Sections of this document are based upon the IEEE Guide to Software Requirements Specification (ANSI/IEEE Std. 30-1984). The SRS templates o f Dr. Orest Pilskalns (WSU, Vancover) and Jack Hagemeister (WSU, Pullman) have also be used as guides in developing this template for the WSU-TC Spring 2005 CptS 322 course. Software Requirements Specification Lead Software Engineer Prepared for WSU-TC CptS 322—Software Engineering Principles I Instructor: A. David McKinnon, Ph. D. Spring 2005 Revision History Date |Description |Author |Comments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Document Approval The following Software Requirements Specification has been accepted and approved by the following: |Signature |Printed Name |Title |Date | | | |Lead Software Eng. | | | |A.David McKinnon |Instructor, CptS 322 | | | | | | | Table of Contents Revision Historyii Document Approvalii 1. Introduction1 1. 1 Purpose1 1. 2 Scope1 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations1 1. 4 References1 1. 5 Overview1 2. General Description2 2. 1 Product Perspective2 2. 2 Product Functions2 2. 3 User Characteristics2 2. 4 General Constraints2 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies2 3. Specific Requirements2 3. 1 External Interface Requirements3 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces3 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces3 3. 1. 3 Software Interfaces3 3. 1. 4 Communications Interfaces3 3. 2 Functional Requirements3 3. 2. 1 3 3. 2. 2 3 3. 3 Use Cases3 3. 3. 1 Use Case #13 3. 3. 2 Use Case #23 3. Classes / Objects3 3. 4. 1 3 3. 4. 2 3 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements4 3. 5. 1 Performance4 3. 5. 2 Reliability4 3. 5. 3 Availability4 3. 5. 4 Security4 3. 5. 5 Maintainability4 3. 5. 6 Portability4 3. 6 Inverse Requirements4 3. 7 Design Constraints4 3. 8 Logical Database Requirements4 3. 9 Other Requirements4 4. Analysis Models4 4. 1 Sequence Diagrams5 4. 3 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)5 4. 2 State-Transition Diagrams (STD)5 5. Change Management Process5 A. Appendices5 A. 1 Appendix 15 A. 2 Appendix 25 1. Introduction The introduction to the Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document should provide an overview of the complete SRS document.While writing this document please remember that this document should contain all of the information needed by a software engineer to adequately design and implement the software product described by the requirements listed in this document. (Note: the following subsection annotates are largely taken from the IEEE Guide to SRS). 1. 1 Purpose What is the purpose of this SRS and the (intended) audience for which it is written. 1. 2 Scope This subsection should: (1) Identify the software product(s) to be produced by name; for example, Host DBMS, Report Generator, etc (2)Explain what the software product(s) will, and, if necessary, will not do (3)Describe the application of the software being specified. As a portion of this, it should: (a) Describe all relevant benefits, objectives, and goals as precisely as possible.For example, to say that one goal is to provide effective reporting capabilities is not as good as saying parameter-driven, user-definable reports with a 2 h turnaround and on-line entry of u ser parameters. (b) Be consistent with similar statements in higher-level specifications (for example, the System Requirement Specification) , if they exist. What is the scope of this software product. 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations This subsection should provide the definitions of all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations required to properly interpret the SRS. This information may be provided by reference to one or more appendixes in the SRS or by reference to other documents. 1.4 References This subsection should: (1)Provide a complete list of all documents referenced elsewhere in the SRS, or in a separate, specified document. 2)Identify each document by title, report number – if applicable – date, and publishing organization. (3)Specify the sources from which the references can be obtained. This information may be provided by reference to an appendix or to another document. 1. 5 Overview This subsection should: (1) Describe what the rest of the SRS cont ains (2) Explain how the SRS is organized. 2. General Description This section of the SRS should describe the general factors that affect ‘the product and its requirements. It should be made clear that this section does not state specific requirements; it only makes those requirements easier to understand. 2. 1 Product PerspectiveThis subsection of the SRS puts the product into perspective with other related products or projects. (See the IEEE Guide to SRS for more details). 2. 2 Product Functions This subsection of the SRS should provide a summary of the functions that the software will perform. 2. 3 User Characteristics This subsection of the SRS should describe those general characteristics of the eventual users of the product that will affect the specific requirements. (See the IEEE Guide to SRS for more details).2. 4 General Constraints This subsection of the SRS should provide a general description of any other items that will limit the developer’s options for des igning the system. See the IEEE Guide to SRS for a partial list of possible general constraints). 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies This subsection of the SRS should list each of the factors that affect the requirements stated in the SRS. These factors are not design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can affect the requirements in the SRS. For example, an assumption might be that a specific operating system will be available on the hardware designated for the software product. If, in fact, the operating system is not available, the SRS would then have to change accordingly. 3. Specific Requirements This will be the largest and most important section of the SRS.The customer requirements will be embodied within Section 2, but this section will give the D-requirements that are used to guide the project’s software design, implementation, and testing. Each requirement in this section should be: †¢ Correct †¢ Traceable (both forward and backward to prior/future artifacts) †¢ Unambiguous †¢ Verifiable (i. e. , testable) †¢ Prioritized (with respect to importance and/or stability) †¢ Complete †¢ Consistent †¢ Uniquely identifiable (usually via numbering like 3. 4. 5. 6) Attention should be paid to the carefuly organize the requirements presented in this section so that they may easily accessed and understood.Furthermore, this SRS is not the software design document, therefore one should avoid the tendency to over-constrain (and therefore design) the software project within this SRS. 3. External Interface Requirements 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces 3. 1. 3 Software Interfaces 3. 1. 4 Communications Interfaces 3. 2 Functional Requirements This section describes specific features of the software project. If desired, some requirements may be specified in the use-case format and listed in the Use Cases Section. 3. 2. 1 3. 2. 1. 1 Introduction 3. 2. 1. 2 Inputs 3. 2. 1. 3 Processing 3. 2. 1. 4 Outputs 3. 2. 1. 5 Error Handling 3. 2. 2 †¦ 3. 3 Use Cases 3. 3. 1 Use Case #1 3. 3. 2 Use Case #2 †¦ 3. 4 Classes / Objects 3. 4. 1 3. 4. 1. 1 Attributes 3. 4. 1. 2 Functions 3. 4. 2 †¦ 3. 5 Non-Functional RequirementsNon-functional requirements may exist for the following attributes. Often these requirements must be achieved at a system-wide level rather than at a unit level. State the requirements in the following sections in measurable terms (e. g. , 95% of transaction shall be processed in less than a second, system downtime may not exceed 1 minute per day, ;gt; 30 day MTBF value, etc). 3. 5. 1 Performance 3. 5. 2 Reliability 3. 5. 3 Availability 3. 5. 4 Security3. 5. 5 Maintainability 3. 5. 6 Portability 3. 6 Inverse Requirements State any *useful* inverse requirements. 3. 7 Design Constraints Specify design constrains imposed by other standards, company policies, hardware limitation, etc. hat will impact this software project. 3. 8 Logic al Database Requirements Will a database be used? If so, what logical requirements exist for data formats, storage capabilities, data retention, data integrity, etc. 3. 9 Other Requirements Catchall section for any additional requirements. 4. Analysis Models List all analysis models used in developing specific requirements previously given in this SRS. Each model should include an introduction and a narrative description. Furthermore, each model should be traceable the SRS’s requirements. 4. 1 Sequence Diagrams 4. 3 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) 4. 2 State-Transition Diagrams (STD) 5. Change Management ProcessIdentify and describe the process that will be used to update the SRS, as needed, when project scope or requirements change. Who can submit changes and by what means, and how will these changes be approved. A. Appendices Appendices may be used to provide additional (and hopefully helpful) information. If present, the SRS should explicitly state whether the information contain ed within an appendix is to be considered as a part of the SRS’s overall set of requirements. Example Appendices could include (initial) conceptual documents for the software project, marketing materials, minutes of meetings with the customer(s), etc. A. 1 Appendix 1 A. 2 Appendix 2

First Amendment

Free Speech /First Amendment Introduction There were times when people would be imprisoned for speaking out their minds. Speech is one form of communication of thought, ideas and beliefs. Without the freedom of speech people can be forced to accept things that are stated by the society.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Speech /First Amendment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In England for instance, during the 16th century Henry VII was taken to prison for speaking his mind, at the time it was a crime that was punishable by death. Freedom of speech allows personal ideas to be expressed freely; more so the freedom of speech in the United States governed by the first amendment of the constitution other than communication also covers public acts like parades demonstration, artist expressions and pickets. First Amendment in the United States constitution protects the freedom of speech (Tedford 123). Government condemnation and advocac y ideas that are not popular which people find without taste and against public policy for example racism and chauvinism are always unacceptable. Child pornography laws, Miller test for obscenity and speeches that may result to lawless actions are some of the exceptions in the general protection. In these areas there are limitations of free speech and other rights like rights of inventor and authors over their copyright. In US a graduated system is followed in regulating freedom of speech. In the First Amendment diverse types of regulation are subject to analysis in court challenges. Types of Speeches There are different types of speeches; the first is core political speech the most guarded form due to its communicative nature and its function to a republic that is functional (Mike 65). It is a speech about political issues and ideas that are not motivated by profit; the restrictions in this kind of speech must be well analyzed or else they can be struck down. Another kind of speech is commercial speech, in this kind it is not wholly protected although it is regulated by the state (Mike). There are some exceptions to freedom of expression. Many of these have been identified by the court and in many cases without controversy. Courts justified them as speeches which could harm the public or speeches that the fore fathers had no intention of protecting or just customs that had been part of common law tradition from England where the American legal system is derived. Exceptions Obscenity is one of the exceptions, according to the US Miller Test, obscenity is a test used by Supreme Court to determine if an expression or a speech can be termed obscene and whether it can be protected by the first amendment of the constitution (Tedford 124). This is speech that describes sexual conduct in very offensive way and it can also be described as pornography.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15 % OFF Learn More Defamation is another exception and consists of publication of report of a fact that is untrue and can harm the reputation of another person. The freedom of expression has restrictions where ones expressions can harm the reputation of another person. An allegation of fact is a requirement in defamation that is false while the expression of an opinion is not defamation. Right to pornography This topic on pornography has had a lot of discussions in the United States for many years. For people would want the legislation to regulate it and would also like to have software that would filter it. The greatest problem is that it is not easy to make laws that would go against it because by doing so someone would be challenging the first amendment. In any case so many issues have been raised that include claims that it demoralizes women and its filthy to be seen by the children. The main question is whether pornography is really harmful (Emerson). There are so me reasons why the government finds it difficult to put restriction on pornography. In social theory and in practice Emerson states that there is no enough reason as to why some people would find some material unpleasant and try to give restrictions on those materials (Emerson). In order to have restrictions on such materials there is need to have appropriate ground to make such laws so as to prevent the distribution of pornographic material because by looking at it from any perspective it is against the laws of free speech as outlined by the first amendment. There is disagreement among traditional liberal defenders regarding discarding the principles of legal paternalism and legal moralism mostly in cases where people above eighteen year are concerned (Emerson). This does not mean that they approve obscenity they actually find it offensive and mindless. Most people admit that the major function of pornography is to cause sexual arousal to viewers which can be regarded as low value speech. This is a speech that does not contribute anything that is artistic, intellectual, literal or of any political merit to the social and moral environment (Emerson). On the contrary it does not mean that it need not be protected. It is strongly believed that mature and healthy adults are free to pursue their own pleasures privately and that the opinion of others on whether it is right or wrong to do so is intrusive or uncalled for. The implication is that what many find moral should not be allowed in law to hold back rebellious minority opinions so as to force their moral beliefs on others.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Free Speech /First Amendment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today the first amendment that protects freedom of speech is viewed by many liberals as a fundamental right that cannot be regulated by government. But it is acceptable and expected for the State to intervene and regulat e speech when it is used to cause harm. There is no known way for determining the harm caused to others so as to justify what legal action that should be taken in case of such speech. To arrive at a decision whether or not to restrict speech in such a case, the nature and impact of harm caused is weighed against the interest of those involved (Emerson). This is then compared to the benefits and costs of an alternative policy that should be undertaken. If any speech goes against the interest of the majority of the public and its benefit minimal it should be restricted. Conclusion The first amendment is of great importance since without it, citizens in the US would not be given a chance by the US government to be heard. For democracy to change and grow the citizens should be allowed to voice their ideas. Without the first amendment there would be no words in music, it would also be difficult to print publications freely, there would be no going to groups and attending organizations an d lastly everyone would belong to the same religion. Without the first amendment US could be very corrupt since there would be no press which serves the function of a watchdog. This is because the five fundamental freedoms which are essential and accomplished through the amendment would not be possible. Work Cited Mike, Godwin. â€Å"Defending Free Speech in the Digital Age†. New York: Times Books. 1998. Print. Tedford, Thomas. â€Å"Freedom of speech in the United States†. Carbondale: Southern Illinois, 1985. Print. Emerson, Thomas . Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment.†The  Yale Law Journal Company, 14.2 (1963): 123-132.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More